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Latarjet

Surgeon-side topic for latarjet. Backed by 392 articles from the corpus, retrieved via combined MeSH + title-text matching.

58 citationsUpdated Aug 2026

For patients: a plain-language version of this topic is available. See the patient guide.

Overview

The Latarjet procedure is a viable and possibly superior alternative to Bankart repair for recurrent traumatic anterior instability [26]. It offers greater stability than Bankart repair with no significant increase in complication rate [26]. Open Latarjet should be favored over Bankart repair for revision cases due to improved pain relief and functional scores [27]. Indications, techniques, perioperative treatment, and definitions of outcomes, complications, and failure for Latarjet surgery show wide variation [14].

Most patients treated with an open Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability have excellent mid-term outcomes, although a minority experience poorer outcomes [1]. Poorer outcomes following open Latarjet are mainly predictable from pre-existing demographic factors rather than measures of instability severity [1]. The overall complication rate for open Latarjet is 18.6% at short-term follow-up [3]. The rate of class 3 adverse events requiring additional surgery or long-term medical treatment after open Latarjet is 4.9% [3]. Female gender is not a contraindication to the Latarjet procedure, but patient selection in this group may need to be more stringent [4].

Outcomes at a mean of >6 years following primary Latarjet are very good, with an overall recurrence rate of 4.7% [7]. Primary Latarjet has lower rates of recurrent instability (9.1%) compared to salvage Latarjet procedures performed after failed prior surgery (20.7%) [8]. Primary and revision Latarjet procedures have similar clinical outcome measures, overall complication rates, and range of motion measurements [2]. Primary Latarjet procedures present reduced infection rates compared to revision Latarjet procedures [2]. Salvage Latarjet may provide worse outcomes in terms of recurrent instability and returning to sports compared to primary Latarjet [20]. Primary and salvage Latarjet may yield comparable efficacy in terms of complications, reoperations, rate of return to sport, time to return to sport, pain, shoulder function, and range of motion [20]. Female patients undergoing Latarjet have similar 90-day complication and 2-year secondary surgery rates to matched male patients [12]. Female patients undergoing Latarjet have a greater risk of emergency department visits compared to matched male patients [12]. Further research is required to better define criteria for return to play after arthroscopic Bankart repair and Latarjet procedures [45].

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

Kinematics

The Latarjet procedure provides kinematic stabilization in addition to bony, sling, and bumper effects [31]. The modified position of the scapula is maintained during the entire range of motion, suggesting a shoulder-stabilizing kinematic effect [31]. Glenoid malalignment is associated with pathological posterior translation of the humeral head across the glenoid upon simulated active elevation [38]. Acromial malalignment alone is associated with pathological posterior translation of the humeral head across the glenoid upon simulated active elevation [38].

Osseous

The bone remodeling process contributes to the recovery of the normal anatomy of the anteroinferior glenoid after Latarjet procedure [47].

Functional Outcomes

Significant between-limb differences exist in internal rotator strength and functional performance at 4 to 6 months following shoulder stabilization surgery [46]. Significant between-limb differences exist in external rotator strength and functional performance at 4 to 6 months following shoulder stabilization surgery [46]. Return to sport testing at six months after shoulder stabilization reveals functional deficits [55]. A substantial number of athletes do not meet expected goals for operative shoulder function and strength compared with the contralateral shoulder at 6 months postoperatively [56]. A substantial number of athletes do not meet expected goals for operative shoulder strength, particularly in external rotation, nor arc of motion compared to the contralateral shoulder at 6 months postoperatively [57].

Classification

Outcome Prognosis: Most patients treated with an open Latarjet procedure have excellent mid-term outcomes, but a minority have poorer outcomes predictable from pre-existing demographic factors rather than instability severity [1]. Primary Latarjet procedures present reduced infection rates compared to revision Latarjet procedures performed after failed prior operative treatment [2]. The overall complication rate for open Latarjet is 18.6%, with class 3 adverse events requiring additional surgery or long-term medical treatment occurring in 4.9% of cases [3]. Twenty years after the Latarjet procedure, arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases, with the majority of arthritis being mild [5]. Approximately 98% of patients who underwent Latarjet returned to work by 2.7 ± 3.0 months postoperatively [6].

Instability Recurrence: Primary Latarjet has lower rates of recurrent instability (9.1%) compared to salvage Latarjet procedures after failed arthroscopic Bankart repair (20.7%) [8]. In active-duty military service members, the Latarjet procedure resulted in an 8.7% rate of recurrent instability, with 89.1% able to return to full-duty status [60].

Technique Comparison: Open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques show excellent and comparable clinical results [28]. The open Latarjet procedure is more reliable in terms of shoulder stability than arthroscopic Bankart repair, with less recurrent instability and better Rowe scores over a mean 6-year follow-up [30]. Both arthroscopic Latarjet and arthroscopic Bristow procedures led to good clinical scores with no new dislocation episodes [59]. The arthroscopic Latarjet procedure is very difficult with significant problems and complications, and should be performed only by orthopaedic surgeons specifically trained in it [29].

Other Considerations: The incidence of complications following primary Latarjet for shoulder instability is variable, ranging from 0% to 25.7% [22].

Clinical Presentation

Most patients undergoing open Latarjet procedures for recurrent anterior shoulder instability achieve excellent mid-term outcomes, though a minority experience poorer results predictable from pre-existing demographic factors rather than instability severity [1]. Primary Latarjet procedures demonstrate reduced infection rates compared to revision Latarjet procedures performed after failed prior operative treatment, while maintaining similar clinical outcome measures, overall complication rates, and range of motion measurements [2]. Open Latarjet results in excellent clinical outcomes and low recurrence rates for patients with primary shoulder instability, recurrent instability, and those undergoing open Latarjet for failed prior instability surgery [23].

Outcomes at a mean of >6 years following a primary Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability were very good, with an overall recurrence rate of 4.7% [7]. Primary Latarjet procedures have lower rates of recurrence (9.1%) compared with salvage Latarjet procedures (20.7%) [8]. Bristow-Latarjet surgery demonstrates excellent clinical results in most patients after 30 years of follow-up [9]. Revision Latarjet provides excellent functional outcomes, low rates of recurrence and complications, and a high rate of return to sport among athletes [24]. A failed Latarjet procedure can be treated with various revision procedures, which result in improvements in patient-reported outcome measures, pain, return to sports, and decreased recurrent instability with a moderate complication rate [19].

By 8 months following the Latarjet procedure, 73% of patients had resumed their main sport, depending on preoperative SIRSI and Rowe scores [10]. The open Latarjet procedure led to significant improvements in all patient-reported outcomes (PROs), with 97% of patients returning to sport [15]. After the Latarjet procedure, sports ability improves in approximately one-third of patients, remains the same in one-third, and decreases in one-third [21]. Although a large majority of patients return to sport following the Latarjet procedure, some experience limitation with throwing and return to sport at the preinjury level [37].

The arthroscopic Latarjet procedure provides good clinical and radiologic results at short-term follow-up [11]. Arthroscopic Latarjet procedures provide satisfactory clinical results at a minimum 2-year follow-up regarding subscapularis structural integrity and function [13]. After a short learning curve, the clinical outcomes of the Latarjet procedure appear to be satisfactory and reproducible [16].

Adolescents are at a high risk for treatment failure after Bankart repair, so the Latarjet procedure should be strongly considered as a primary procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in this population [25]. Female patients undergoing the Latarjet procedure have similar complication rates to male patients but a greater rate of emergency department visits postoperatively, warranting specific attention during the postoperative period [33]. Twenty years after the Latarjet procedure, arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases, though the majority of this arthritis is mild [5].

Investigations

Plain radiography: Standard imaging is essential for pre-operative assessment, particularly to evaluate for glenoid bone loss and associated pathologies. Arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases twenty years after the Latarjet procedure, with the majority of arthritis being mild [5].

CT: Computed tomography is critical for precise measurement of bony defects and Hill-Sachs lesion classification. The Latarjet procedure is effective to restore stability in athletes with glenoid bone defects greater than 25% and off-track Hill-Sachs lesions without remplissage [65]. Furthermore, the Latarjet procedure converted all off-track Hill-Sachs lesions to on-track Hill-Sachs lesions as measured on CT [65].

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging aids in the evaluation of soft tissue integrity and associated labral or rotator cuff pathology, though specific MRI findings for Latarjet are not detailed in the current evidence base.

Bone scan: Bone scans are not indicated for routine Latarjet workup.

Tomosynthesis: Tomosynthesis is not indicated for routine Latarjet workup.

Aspiration: Aspiration is not indicated for routine Latarjet workup.

Laboratory: Laboratory studies are not indicated for routine Latarjet workup.

Other Considerations: Pre-existing demographic factors, rather than measures of instability severity, predict poorer outcomes following open Latarjet procedure [1]. Female gender is not a contraindication to the Latarjet procedure, but patient selection may need to be more stringent [4]. The proximal-medial part of the coracoid graft demonstrates the most evident stress shielding following the Latarjet procedure, which may play an important role in postoperative osteolysis [67].

Treatment

Non-Operative

The provided evidence does not contain specific data regarding conservative management protocols; therefore, non-operative options are not detailed in this section.

Operative

Indications: The Latarjet procedure is strongly indicated as a primary intervention for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in adolescents, given their high risk of treatment failure following Bankart repair [25]. It serves as a viable and potentially superior alternative to Bankart repair, providing greater stability without a significant increase in complication rates [26]. Shoulder hyperlaxity does not necessarily constitute an exclusion criterion for performing the procedure [53].

Surgical Approach / Technique: Both primary and revision Latarjet procedures yield similar clinical outcome measures, overall complication rates, and range of motion measurements [2]. The open Latarjet procedure leads to significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) [15]. Capsular repair to the coracoacromial ligament during the procedure results in no restriction of external rotation with the arm adducted and only a clinically insignificant restriction with the arm abducted [70]. Functional outcomes after Latarjet with capsular repair are similar to those without capsular repair in nonoverhead athletes [70].

Implant Selection: The procedure utilizes the coracoid process transfer; specific implant selection data beyond the anatomical graft is not provided in the current evidence set.

Alignment / Balancing Strategy: Indications, techniques, perioperative treatment, and definitions of outcomes, complications, and failure vary widely for Latarjet surgery [14].

Pain Management: The absence of sling immobilization did not increase complication rates after open Latarjet, making sling immobilization optional [63].

Adjuncts: No specific adjunctive data (e.g., tourniquet, tranexamic acid) is provided in the current evidence set.

Revision: Primary Latarjet has lower rates of recurrent instability (9.1%) compared to salvage Latarjet procedures (20.7%) [8]. Primary and salvage Latarjet may yield comparable efficacy in terms of complications, reoperations, return to sport rates, time to return to sport, pain, shoulder function, and range of motion [20]. Revision procedures for failed Latarjet result in improvements in PROs, pain, return to sports, and decreased recurrent instability with a moderate complication rate [19].

Other Considerations: The overall complication rate for open Latarjet is 18.6% [3]. The overall recurrence rate following primary Latarjet is 4.7% at a mean follow-up of >6 years [7]. The rate of recurrent instability following the Latarjet procedure is inherently low [69]. Open Latarjet results in excellent clinical outcomes and low recurrence rates for patients with primary instability, recurrent instability, and those undergoing surgery after failed prior instability surgery [23]. Bristow-Latarjet surgery demonstrates excellent clinical results after 30 years of follow-up [9]. Approximately 98% of patients return to work by 2.7 ± 3.0 months following Latarjet [6]. 97% of patients return to sport following the open Latarjet procedure [15]. 73% of patients resume their main sport by 8 months following Latarjet, depending on preoperative SIRSI and Rowe scores [10].

Complications

Most patients treated with open Latarjet have excellent mid-term outcomes, but a minority have poorer outcomes predictable from pre-existing demographic factors rather than instability severity [1]. Primary and revision Latarjet have similar clinical outcome measures, overall complication rates, and range of motion measurements [2]. The overall complication rate in one open Latarjet series is 18.6% [3]. The rate of class 3 adverse events requiring additional surgery or long-term medical treatment is 4.9% [3]. Arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases twenty years after the Latarjet procedure, but the majority is mild [5]. Primary Latarjet has lower rates of recurrence (9.1%) compared with salvage Latarjet procedures (20.7%) [8]. Female patients undergoing Latarjet have a greater risk of emergency department visits compared with matched male patients [12]. The overall complication rate for Latarjet is 16.1% and the reoperation rate is 2.6% [17]. Serious complications at short-term follow-up appear rare [17]. The 90-day complication rate after Latarjet is 10.9% [18]. The 90-day complication rate is higher in female patients than in male patients [18]. The incidence of complications following primary Latarjet ranges from 0% to 25.7% [22]. The open Latarjet procedure provides a low rate of recurrent instability with acceptable long-term complication rates in skeletally immature patients [32]. The overall complication rate following Latarjet is 6%-7% [34]. The most common complication following Latarjet is graft-related [34]. The overall 90-day complication rate following Latarjet for anterior shoulder stabilization is 7.5% [36]. Osseous stabilization shoulder surgery using original or modified Bristow and Latarjet procedures has a 30% complication rate [49].

Instability: Primary Latarjet has lower rates of recurrence (9.1%) compared with salvage Latarjet procedures (20.7%) [8]. The open Latarjet procedure provides a low rate of recurrent instability with acceptable long-term complication rates in skeletally immature patients [32].

Graft-related complications: The most common complication following Latarjet is graft-related [34].

Arthritis: Arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases twenty years after the Latarjet procedure, but the majority is mild [5].

Other Considerations: The overall complication rate for Latarjet is 16.1% and the reoperation rate is 2.6% [17]. Serious complications at short-term follow-up appear rare [17]. The 90-day complication rate after Latarjet is 10.9% [18]. The 90-day complication rate is higher in female patients than in male patients [18]. Female patients undergoing Latarjet have a greater risk of emergency department visits compared with matched male patients [12]. The overall complication rate in one open Latarjet series is 18.6% [3]. The rate of class 3 adverse events requiring additional surgery or long-term medical treatment is 4.9% [3]. The incidence of complications following primary Latarjet ranges from 0% to 25.7% [22]. The overall complication rate following Latarjet is 6%-7% [34]. The overall 90-day complication rate following Latarjet for anterior shoulder stabilization is 7.5% [36]. Osseous stabilization shoulder surgery using original or modified Bristow and Latarjet procedures has a 30% complication rate [49]. Most patients treated with open Latarjet have excellent mid-term outcomes, but a minority have poorer outcomes predictable from pre-existing demographic factors rather than instability severity [1]. Primary and revision Latarjet have similar clinical outcome measures, overall complication rates, and range of motion measurements [2].

Recovery

Light activity (weeks): Most patients achieve clinically significant benefit within 6 months of surgery, with an overall median time of 5.5 months and an average of 7.4 months [68].

Full activity (months): By 8 months following Latarjet, 73% of patients had resumed their main sport, depending on preoperative SIRSI and Rowe scores [10]. The majority of studies show no significant difference in rates of return to play or timing following arthroscopic Bankart repair or open Latarjet procedure [64].

Complete recovery / outcome plateau (months): The Latarjet procedure results in excellent functional outcomes at long-term follow-up and a high rate of return to sport among athletes [40]. Most patients treated with open Latarjet have excellent outcomes at mid-term follow-up, while a minority have poorer outcomes predictable from pre-existing demographic factors rather than instability severity [1].

Rehabilitation protocol: After a short learning curve, the clinical outcomes of Latarjet appear to be satisfactory and reproducible [16].

Functional milestones: The majority of patients (57.5%) undergoing open Latarjet achieved clinically significant benefit within 6 months of surgery, with an overall median time of 5.5 months and an average of 7.4 months [68].

Other Considerations: The overall complication rate for Latarjet is 16.1% with a reoperation rate of 2.6%, while serious complications at short-term follow-up appear rare [17]. The 90-day complication rate after Latarjet is 10.9% and is higher in female patients than in male patients [18]. Female patients undergoing Latarjet show similar 90-day complication and 2-year secondary surgery rates to matched male patients, but have a greater risk of emergency department visits [12]. Twenty years after Latarjet, arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases, though the majority of this arthritis is mild [5].

Key Evidence

  • [L3] Although most patients treated by an open Latarjet procedure have excellent outcomes at mid-term follow-up, a minority have poorer outcomes, which are mainly predictable from pre-existing demographic factors, rather than measures of the severity of instability. [1] (10.1302/0301-620x.105b4.bjj-2022-1049.r1)
  • [L1] Based on the current evidence, primary Latarjet presents reduced infection rates but similar clinical outcome measures, overall complication, and range of motion measurements than revision Latarjet performed after failed prior operative treatment. [2] (10.1016/j.jse.2023.07.002)
  • [L4] The overall complication rate reported in this open Latarjet series is 18.6%; however, the rate of class 3 adverse events that required additional surgery or long-term medical treatment was only 4.9%. [3] (10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.004)
  • [L4] Whereas female gender should not be a contraindication to the Latarjet procedure, selection of patients in this group may need to be more stringent. [4] (10.1016/j.jse.2017.07.030)
  • [L4] Twenty years after the Latarjet procedure, arthritis may develop or progress in 23.5% of cases, but the majority of arthritis is mild. [5] (10.1016/j.jse.2014.02.015)
  • [L4] Approximately 98% of patients who underwent Latarjet returned to work by 2.7 ± 3.0 months postoperatively. [6] (10.1016/j.arthro.2021.06.027)
  • [L4] Outcomes at a mean of >6 years following a primary Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability were very good, with an overall recurrence rate of 4.7%. [7] (10.2106/jbjs.19.01235)
  • [L3] Primary Latarjet was found to have lower rates of recurrence compared with salvage Latarjet procedures (9.1% versus 20.7%). [8] (10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.059)
  • [L4] Bristow-Latarjet surgery demonstrates excellent clinical results in most patients after 30 years of follow-up. [9] (10.1016/j.jseint.2024.08.192)
  • [L4] By 8 months following the Latarjet procedure, 73% of patients had resumed their main sport. [10] (10.1007/s00167-021-06475-1)
  • [L3] This study confirms that the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure provides good clinical and radiologic results at short-term follow-up. [11] (10.1016/j.arthro.2019.07.007)
  • [L3] Female patients undergoing the Latarjet procedure for recurrent shoulder instability showed similar 90-day complication and 2-year secondary surgery rates to a matched cohort of male patients. [12] (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.02.043)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic Latarjet procedures provide satisfactory clinical results. [13] (10.1016/j.jse.2019.05.027)
  • [L4] Latarjet and coracoid transfer surgery varies greatly in its indications, technique, and postoperative care. [14] (10.1016/j.arthro.2021.09.020)
  • [L4] The open Latarjet procedure led to significant improvements in all PROs, and overall, 97% of patients returned to sport. [15] (10.1016/j.jse.2022.01.139)
  • [L4] After a short learning curve, the clinical outcomes of the Latarjet procedure appear to be satisfactory and reproducible. [16] (10.1007/s00167-015-3900-5)
  • [L4] The Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability results in an overall complication rate of 16.1% and a reoperation rate of 2.6%, though serious complications at short-term follow-up appear rare. [17] (10.1177/03635465211042314)
  • [L4] The 90-day complication rate after the Latarjet procedure was 10.9% and was higher in female patients than in male patients. [18] (10.1016/j.jse.2022.11.015)
  • [L1] A failed Latarjet procedure can be treated with various revision procedures, which result in improvements in patient-reported outcome measures, pain, return to sports, and decreased recurrent instability with a moderate complication rate. [19] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.07.031)
  • [L1] Primary and salvage Latarjet may yield comparable efficacy in terms of complications, reoperations, the rate of return to sport, the time to return to sport, pain, shoulder function, and range of motion. [20] (10.1186/s12891-024-07593-w)
  • [L5] After the Latarjet procedure, sports ability improves in approximately one-third of patients, remains the same in one-third, and decreases in one-third. [21] (10.1016/j.arthro.2025.05.029)
  • [L3] The incidence of complications following the primary Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability was variable, ranging from 0% to 25.7%. [22] (10.1016/j.arthro.2023.05.024)
  • [L3] Open Latarjet results in excellent clinical outcomes and low recurrence rates for those with primary shoulder instability, those with recurrent instability and those undergoing OL for failed prior instability surgery. [23] (10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.062)
  • [L4] This review shows that the revision Latarjet provides excellent functional outcomes, low rates of recurrence and complications, and a high rate of return to sport among athletes. [24] (10.1007/s00167-020-06155-6)
  • [L3] Adolescents are at a high risk for treatment failure after Bankart repair, and, therefore, the Latarjet procedure should be strongly considered as a primary procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in this population. [25] (10.2106/jbjs.21.01050)
  • [L1] The Latarjet procedure is a viable and possibly superior alternative to the Bankart repair, offering greater stability with no significant increase in complication rate. [26] (10.1016/j.jse.2015.11.001)
  • [L3] Open Latarjet should be favored over Bankart repair for revision cases due to improved pain relief and functional scores. [27] (10.1177/2325967119s00272)
  • [L3] The open and arthroscopic Latarjet techniques showed excellent and comparable clinical results. [28] (10.1007/s00167-015-3978-9)
  • [L5] The arthroscopic Latarjet procedure is very difficult with significant problems and complications, and should be performed only by orthopaedic surgeons who are specifically trained in it. [29] (10.1016/j.arthro.2016.06.038)
  • [L3] Patients who had the open Latarjet procedure had less recurrent instability and better Rowe scores over a mean 6-year followup. [30] (10.1007/s11999-014-3550-9)
  • [L3] The modified position of the scapula was maintained during the entire range of motion, suggesting a shoulder-stabilizing kinematic effect in addition to the bony, sling and bumper effects. [31] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.02.022)
  • [L4] The open Latarjet procedure provides a low rate of recurrent instability with acceptable complication rates in the long term for skeletally immature patients. [32] (10.1016/j.jse.2019.09.039)
  • [L5] Female patients undergoing the Latarjet procedure have similar complication rates to male patients but a greater rate of emergency department visits postoperatively, warranting specific attention during the postoperative period. [33] (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.04.018)
  • [L4] The overall complication rate following the Latarjet procedure was 6%-7%, with the most common complication being graft-related. [34] (10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.024)
  • [L4] The overall 90-day complication rate following the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder stabilization was 7.5%. [36] (10.1016/j.jse.2018.06.022)
  • [L4] Although a large majority of patients were able to return to sport following the Latarjet procedure, some patients experienced limitation with throwing and return to sport at the preinjury level. [37] (10.1016/j.jse.2021.04.020)
  • [L5] Glenoid as well as acromial malalignment alone is associated with pathological posterior translation of the humeral head across the glenoid upon simulated active elevation. [38] (10.1177/03635465251411312)
  • [L4] The Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability results in excellent functional outcomes at long-term and a high rate of return to sport among athletes. [40] (10.1016/j.jse.2018.08.028)
  • [L4] Further research is required to better define criteria for return to play after arthroscopic Bankart repair and Latarjet procedures. [45] (10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.026)
  • [L2] This study demonstrates that significant between-limb differences exist in both internal and external rotator strength and functional performance at 4 to 6 months following shoulder stabilization surgery. [46] (10.1177/2325967125s00069)
  • [L4] Furthermore, the bone remodeling process contributes to the recovery of the normal anatomy of the anteroinferior glenoid. [47] (10.1016/j.arthro.2022.01.020)
  • [L4] Osseous stabilization shoulder surgery using original or modified Bristow and Latarjet procedures has a 30% complication rate. [49] (10.1016/j.jse.2012.09.009)
  • [L2] Therefore, our findings suggest that shoulder hyperlaxity may not necessarily be an exclusion criterion for performing the Latarjet procedure. [53] (10.1097/corr.0000000000003485)
  • [L3] Return to sport testing at six months after shoulder stabilization reveals functional deficits, with the investigational arm showing statistically significant improvement above the clinically meaningful threshold compared to the control arm. [55] (10.1016/j.arthro.2020.12.045)
  • [L4] A substantial number of athletes do not meet expected goals for operative shoulder function and strength compared with the contralateral shoulder at 6 months postoperatively. [56] (10.1016/j.jse.2020.04.035)
  • [L3] A substantial number of athletes in our cohort do not meet the expected goals for their operative shoulder in achieving appropriate strength, particularly in ER, nor arc of motion compared to the contralateral shoulder. [57] (10.1177/2325967119s00375)
  • [L3] Both the arthroscopic Latarjet and arthroscopic Bristow procedures led to good clinical scores with no new dislocation episodes. [59] (10.1016/j.arthro.2023.05.022)
  • [L4] In our active-duty military cohort, we found an 8.7% rate of recurrent instability after a Latarjet procedure, and 41 patients (89.1%) were able to return to full-duty status. [60] (10.1016/j.jse.2021.08.015)
  • [L2] Arthroscopic Latarjet procedures are associated with less early post-operative pain but require increased operative time. [61] (10.1186/s12891-018-2188-2)
  • [L3] At a mean 6-year follow-up time, excellent clinical outcomes, and radiological results, with few complications, high rates of satisfaction and return to work and sport and low sports anxiety can be expected after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. [62] (10.1016/j.arthro.2022.04.004)
  • [L1] Absence of sling immobilization did not increase complication rates after open Latarjet, making sling immobilization optional. [63] (10.1177/2325967123s00002)
  • [L2] Overall, the majority of studies showed no significant difference in rates of return to play or timing following arthroscopic Bankart repair or open Latarjet procedure. [64] (10.1016/j.arthro.2023.04.017)
  • [L4] Moreover, the Latarjet procedure converted all off-track Hill-Sachs lesions to on-track Hill-Sachs lesions as measured on CT. [65] (10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.048)
  • [L5] The classic and congruent-arc Latarjet techniques restore shoulder stability and motion in cases of considerable bone loss. [66] (10.1016/j.arthro.2012.09.007)
  • [L5] In the Latarjet procedure, the proximal-medial part of the coracoid graft demonstrated the most evident stress shielding, which may play an important role in postoperative osteolysis. [67] (10.1016/j.jse.2020.03.037)
  • [L3] The majority of patients (57.5%) undergoing open Latarjet achieved benefit within 6 months of surgery (overall median: 5.5 months; overall average: 7.4 months), with diminishing proportions at later timepoints. [68] (10.1177/2325967124s00097)
  • [L1] The rate of recurrent instability following the Latarjet procedure is inherently low. [69] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.08.054)
  • [L3] Capsular repair to the coracoacromial ligament in the Latarjet procedure leads to a clinically insignificant restriction of external rotation (with the arm abducted), no restriction of external rotation (with the arm adducted), but functional outcomes similar to those after Latarjet without a capsular repair in a nonoverhead athlete. [70] (10.1016/j.jse.2021.10.030)

See Also

References

[1] Factors affecting a patient’s experience following the open Latarjet procedure to treat recurrent anterior shoulder instability. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2023. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.105b4.bjj-2022-1049.r1

[2] Outcomes of primary Latarjet vs. revision Latarjet after prior surgery for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.07.002

[3] Low rates of serious complications after open Latarjet procedure at short-term follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.004

[4] The modified Latarjet procedure in female patients: clinical outcomes and complications. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.07.030

[5] Long-term results of the Latarjet procedure for anterior instability of the shoulder. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2014.02.015

[6] High Rate of Return to Work by 3 Months Following Latarjet for Anterior Shoulder Instability. Arthroscopy. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.06.027

[7] Risk Factors for Recurrent Anterior Glenohumeral Instability and Clinical Failure Following Primary Latarjet Procedures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2020. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.01235

[8] Latarjet After Failed Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Results in Twice the Rate of Recurrent Instability Compared With Primary Latarjet. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.059

[9] Clinical and radiological evaluation of the Bristow–Latarjet procedure in patients with 30 or more years of follow-up. JSES International. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2024.08.192

[10] Latarjet procedure enables 73% to return to play within 8 months depending on preoperative SIRSI and Rowe scores. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06475-1

[11] Arthroscopic Latarjet Stabilization: Analysis of the Learning Curve in the First 90 Primary Cases: Early Clinical Results and Computed Tomography Evaluation. Arthroscopy. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.07.007

[12] Female Patients Undergoing Latarjet Surgery Show Similar 2‐Year Secondary Surgery Rates but Greater Risk of Emergency Department Visits Compared With a Matched Cohort of Male Patients. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.02.043

[13] Subscapularis structural integrity and function after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.05.027

[14] Shoulder Latarjet Surgery Shows Wide Variation in Reported Indications, Techniques, Perioperative Treatment, and Definition of Outcomes, Complications, and Failure: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.09.020

[15] High rate of return to sport and excellent patient-reported outcomes after an open Latarjet procedure. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.01.139

[16] Is the Latarjet procedure risky? Analysis of complications and learning curve. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3900-5

[17] Complications Related to Latarjet Shoulder Stabilization: A Systematic Review. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/03635465211042314

[18] Ninety-day complication rate based on 532 Latarjet procedures in Dutch hospitals with different operation volumes. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.11.015

[19] Surgical options and clinical outcomes following a failed Latarjet procedure: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.07.031

[20] Salvage Latarjet may provide worse outcomes in terms of recurrent instability and returning to sports compared to primary Latarjet: a systematic review of comparative studies. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07593-w

[21] Editorial Commentary: Sports Ability After Latarjet Procedure Improves in Approximately One‐Third of Patients, Shows No Change in One‐Third, and Decreases in One‐Third. Arthroscopy. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2025.05.029

[22] Isolated Primary Latarjet Procedures for Anterior Shoulder Instability Results in High Rates of Graft Resorption and Glenohumeral Degenerative Changes With Low Rates of Failure at a Minimum 2‐Year Follow‐Up: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.05.024

[23] Open Latarjet Procedure in Athletes Following Failed Prior Instability Surgery Results in Lower Rates of Return to Play. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.062

[24] Low rate of recurrent instability following the open Latarjet procedure as a revision procedure for failed prior stabilization surgery. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06155-6

[25] Long-Term Results and Failure Analysis of the Open Latarjet Procedure and Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Adolescents. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01050

[26] A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcomes following two procedures for recurrent traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder: Latarjet procedure vs. Bankart repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.11.001

[27] Postoperative Recovery Comparisons of Arthroscopic Bankart to Open Latarjet for the Treatment of Anterior Glenohumeral Instability. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2019. DOI: 10.1177/2325967119s00272

[28] Open Latarjet versus arthroscopic Latarjet: clinical results and cost analysis. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3978-9

[29] Editorial Commentary: Not for The Faint of Heart: The Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure, A North American Experience. Arthroscopy. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.06.038

[30] The Open Latarjet Procedure Is More Reliable in Terms of Shoulder Stability Than Arthroscopic Bankart Repair. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3550-9

[31] Kinematic stabilization after the Latarjet procedure: beyond the triple blocking effect. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.02.022

[32] Clinical and radiographic outcomes of the open Latarjet procedure in skeletally immature patients. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.09.039

[33] Editorial Commentary: Latarjet for Anterior Shoulder Instability Literature Shows Limited Reporting of Outcomes in Female Patients: Female Patients Show Similar Outcomes but Greater Rate of Emergency Department Visits and Possible Greater of Complications. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.04.018

[34] Short-term complications of the Latarjet procedure: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.024

[36] Ninety-day complications following the Latarjet procedure. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.06.022

[37] Return to sport following Latarjet glenoid reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.04.020

[38] Scapular Morphology and Posterior Shoulder Stability: Biomechanical Evidence From an Advanced Cadaveric Shoulder Simulator. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251411312

[40] Long-term outcomes of the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review of studies at 10-year follow-up. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.08.028

[45] Return to play criteria among shoulder surgeons following shoulder stabilization. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.026

[46] Paper 12: Strength and functional performance following shoulder stabilization surgery: implications for rehabilitation and return to sport. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/2325967125s00069

[47] Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of All‐Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure With Modified Suture Button Fixation: Excellent Bone Healing With a Low Complication Rate. Arthroscopy. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.01.020

[49] Complications and re-operations after Bristow-Latarjet shoulder stabilization: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.09.009

[53] No Difference in Outcome Scores or Persistent Instability After Latarjet Procedure for Anterior Instability in Patients With Shoulder Hyperlaxity Versus Those Without Hyperlaxity. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000003485

[55] Return To Sport Testing At Six Months After Shoulder Stabilization Reveals Functional Deficits. Arthroscopy. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.12.045

[56] Return to sport testing at 6 months after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization reveals residual strength and functional deficits. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.04.035

[57] Return To Sport Testing At 6 Months After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization Demonstrates Residual Functional Deficits. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2019. DOI: 10.1177/2325967119s00375

[59] The Arthroscopic Bristow Procedure Is Superior to the Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure in Return to Sports but Inferior in Graft Healing: A Comparative Study With 3.4‐Year Follow‐Up. Arthroscopy. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.05.022

[60] Surgical treatment of anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss with the Latarjet procedure in active-duty military service members. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.08.015

[61] Open versus arthroscopic Latarjet procedures for the treatment of shoulder instability: a systematic review of comparative studies. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2018. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2188-2

[62] Arthroscopic Latarjet for Primary Shoulder Instability With Off‐Track Lesions or Revision Surgery Yields Satisfactory Clinical Results and Reliable Return to Sport and Work at Minimum 3‐Year Follow‐Up. Arthroscopy. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.04.004

[63] Paper 02: Is There a Benefit of Sling Immobilization After Open Latarjet Surgery for Anterior Shoulder Instability™ A Randomized Control Trial. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00002

[64] Majority of Studies Show Similar Rates of Return to Play After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair or Latarjet Procedure: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.04.017

[65] The Latarjet Procedure Without Remplissage Is Effective to Restore Stability in Athletes With Glenoid Bone Defects Greater Than 25% and Off‐Track Hill‐Sachs Lesions. Arthroscopy. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.048

[66] Classic Versus Congruent Coracoid Positioning During the Latarjet Procedure: An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison. Arthroscopy. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.09.007

[67] Proximal-medial part in the coracoid graft demonstrates the most evident stress shielding following the Latarjet procedure: a simulation study using the 3-dimensional finite element method. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.03.037

[68] Poster 128: Time to Achievement of Clinically Significant Outcomes Following Open Latarjet. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/2325967124s00097

[69] Risk factors for recurrence after Latarjet procedure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.08.054

[70] Capsular repair is not an important part of the Latarjet-Walch procedure. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.10.030

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