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Radial Tunnel Release PDF Evidence

Illustration of a hand therapist stretching a person's forearm and wrist on a treatment table.
Gentle stretching and nerve-gliding work after radial tunnel release. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Post-operative exercises and precautions after radial tunnel release, including radial nerve glides.

This protocol guides your recovery after radial tunnel release with Dr Kieran Hirpara at Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. It explains what to expect in the weeks after surgery and sets out the exercise program from your post-operative handout — bring this page or its PDF to your first physiotherapy or hand therapy visit so your rehabilitation stays coordinated. Your therapist may adjust the plan depending on how your recovery progresses.

If you have any concerns about your wound after surgery, get in touch with the rooms. It is often helpful to take a photo of the wound and email it for review.

What to expect

Care of your wound is explained in the practice's wound care advice. As your wound heals, the released nerve can stick to the surrounding tissue — the gliding exercises below are very important to keep it moving freely and stop it from becoming tethered.

Sometimes the wound can become sensitive. This is normal, and can be prevented or minimised by commencing daily desensitisation: gently tapping and rubbing over the wound (or the dressing), starting immediately following your surgery. This type of "sensory feedback" allows the nerve to normalise touch and texture.

Once the wound is fully healed, commence scar massage — firm circles over the incision. Refer to the wound care advice for more information on scar management.

It is important to have realistic expectations of recovery. The radial nerve has to travel and stretch a measurable amount during ordinary arm movements, so keeping it moving early is what stops it adhering to the healing tissues [1]. Even so, the relief of pain after radial tunnel release is often gradual rather than immediate, and for some people it is only partial. This operation is, honestly, less predictable than some other nerve-release procedures: radial tunnel syndrome can be hard to diagnose with certainty and it often overlaps with tennis elbow, which is part of why results vary. Published long-term studies report good outcomes in around two-thirds of patients overall, with the best results in those who have radial tunnel symptoms alone [2][3]. Recovery tends to be slower and less complete when there is also tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis), more than one nerve compression in the same arm, or a workers' compensation claim [2][4]. Your nerve-gliding program and graded desensitisation are the parts of rehabilitation most within your control, and steady daily practice gives the nerve its best chance to settle.

Precautions and limitations

Light functional use of your hand is encouraged for daily living tasks such as self-care, feeding, dressing, writing and typing. Beyond that, the limits are simple: no lifting, gripping, weight-bearing or use of vibration machinery (for example, power tools or a lawn mower) for up to 6 weeks after surgery, and driving is limited for the first 1–2 weeks.

For your physiotherapist:

Goals

  • Prevent the released nerve adhering to the healing wound (nerve gliding program)
  • Settle wound sensitivity through graded desensitisation
  • Maintain wrist, forearm and elbow range of motion
  • Support light functional use of the hand for activities of daily living

Management

  • Daily desensitisation — gentle tapping / rubbing over the wound (dressing) — commencing immediately post-operatively
  • Scar massage (firm circles over the incision) once the wound is fully healed
  • Home exercise program as per the cards below: wrist flexion / extension stretch; wrist supination / pronation stretch; elbow flexion / extension; radial nerve glides
  • Favour gentle sliding-type ("slider") nerve glides over aggressive end-range tensioning: sliding techniques achieve substantially greater nerve excursion at much lower nerve strain, which is better tolerated around a recently decompressed nerve [1][5]
  • Nerve mobilisation may be considered as an adjunct to the program; the evidence base for neural mobilisation in nerve-related conditions is supportive but of variable certainty, so progression should be symptom-guided [6]

Precautions

  • Light functional use of the hand only (self-care, feeding, dressing, writing, typing)
  • No lifting, gripping, weight-bearing or use of vibration machinery (e.g. power tools, lawn mower) for up to 6 weeks post-op
  • Driving is limited for the first 1–2 weeks
  • Nerve glides and stretches should be gentle and essentially pain-free — avoid forcing into a range that reproduces the pre-operative nerve pain

These are the exercises from your post-operative handout, started after surgery and continued at home as guided by your physiotherapist or hand therapist. The repetitions, hold times and frequency are listed on each card.

Your exercises

Wrist rocking back and forth over the edge of a table, then the other hand pushing the wrist backwards and forwards.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Wrist flexion / extension stretch

Rest your elbow on a table and gently rock your wrist back and forth (or rest it over the edge of a table or armchair, as pictured). Once more comfortable, use your other hand on your palm to push the wrist backwards, then forwards, keeping your fingers loose. Hold each stretch for 15 seconds; repeat 5 times in each direction.

10 repetitions, 4–5 times daily

Forearm rotation between palm up (supination), neutral and palm down (pronation), then the other hand assisting the rotation at the wrist.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Wrist supination / pronation stretch

Bend your elbow at the side of your body, palm facing the ceiling. Turn your hand palm up and hold for 15 seconds, then palm down and hold for 15 seconds; repeat 5 times. As comfort increases, use your opposite hand — holding at your WRIST, not your hand — to gently push the rotation further into each position until you feel a stretch.

5 repetitions, 4 times a day, 5–7 days per week

Seated figure straightening the elbow down, then bending the hand up towards the shoulder.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Elbow flexion / extension

With your arm by your side, gently straighten your forearm and elbow as far as you can. Hold this end-range stretch for 3–5 seconds. Repeat in the opposite direction, bending your forearm up and attempting to touch your shoulder with your hand.

10 repetitions, 2 times a day, daily

Five-step sequence: standing relaxed, dropping the shoulder, turning the arm in with the wrist flexed, tilting the head away, then raising the arm out to the side.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Radial nerve glides

Stand with your arms loose at your sides. Drop your shoulder down and reach your fingers toward the floor. Internally rotate your arm (thumb toward your body) and flex your wrist, palm up. Gently tilt your head away from the side you are stretching, then raise your arm up and away from your body. Hold each position of the glide for 3 to 5 seconds.

5–8 repetitions, 2–4 times a day, 6–7 days per week

This exercise program was written in association with Sarah Farrell, Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (BOccThy), Accredited Hand Therapist (AHT).

After your protocol

This protocol works alongside the practice's general recovery advice — see managing post-operative pain, wound care and hand therapy basics. For the operation itself and the condition it treats, see radial tunnel release and radial tunnel syndrome.

Reviewed by Dr Kieran Hirpara · 2026-06-10 19:54:29.760233+00:00.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

References
  1. Wright TW, Glowczewskie F, Cowin D, Wheeler DL. Radial nerve excursion and strain at the elbow and wrist associated with upper-extremity motion. J Hand Surg Am. 2005;30(5):990–996.
  2. Lee JT, Azari K, Jones NF. Long term results of radial tunnel release — the effect of co-existing tennis elbow, multiple compression syndromes and workers' compensation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(9):1095–1099.
  3. Sotereanos DG, Varitimidis SE, Giannakopoulos PN, Westkaemper JG. Results of surgical treatment for radial tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(3):566–570.
  4. Naam NH, Nemani S. Radial tunnel syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am. 2012;43(4):529–536. (Radial Tunnel Syndrome, StatPearls.)
  5. Coppieters MW, Butler DS. Do "sliders" slide and "tensioners" tension? An analysis of neurodynamic techniques and considerations regarding their application. Man Ther. 2008;13(3):213–221.
  6. Basson A, Olivier B, Ellis R, Coppieters M, Stewart A, Mudzi W. The effectiveness of neural mobilization for neuromusculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(9):593–615.
Evidence & references

Radial Tunnel Release — Evidence Brief & Post-operative Rehabilitation

Topic scope: post-operative rehabilitation after surgical decompression / neurolysis of the posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of the radial nerve) in the radial tunnel of the proximal forearm, performed for radial tunnel syndrome (RTS). This is an elbow / proximal-forearm topic — anatomically and clinically distinct from carpal-tunnel and cubital-tunnel decompression. Like other nerve decompressions it is an early-motion pathway (early elbow/forearm/wrist motion, radial-nerve glides, oedema and scar care). The scope deliberately foregrounds the diagnostic controversy and the more variable, lower success rates that distinguish RTS release from the better-validated carpal-tunnel and cubital-tunnel operations.

Defining principle of the rehab here: a decompressed nerve does not create a healing construct that needs months of protection — it needs early, gentle movement to stop it adhering to the operative bed and to restore its glide. So the rehab is an early-motion programme: light functional hand use from day 1, radial-nerve sliders, graded desensitisation and (once healed) scar massage; heavier loading deferred to ~6 weeks. But two honesty caveats sit over the whole topic. First, RTS is a contested diagnosis — there is no confirmatory imaging or electrodiagnostic test, it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a substantial body of opinion regards it as a variant of recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis. Second, outcomes after release are more variable and on average lower than carpal- or cubital-tunnel release — good results cluster around two-thirds overall, and fall further with co-existing tennis elbow, multiple compression sites, or a workers'-compensation context. Patient expectations should be set accordingly.

A. THE DIAGNOSTIC CONTROVERSY (read first — it frames everything)

RTS is among the most contested entities in upper-limb surgery, and the rehab brief is incomplete without it:

  • No confirmatory test. Electromyography and nerve-conduction studies are characteristically normal in RTS (compression is intermittent/dynamic and predominantly of a motor nerve carrying few pain fibres), and MRI is frequently negative — denervation oedema in supinator/extensors is suggestive but inconsistent, and a normal scan does not exclude the diagnosis. RTS is therefore a clinical diagnosis of exclusion, resting on point tenderness ~4 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle (over the radial tunnel rather than the epicondyle), pain on resisted supination / resisted long-finger extension, and — for some surgeons — temporary relief from a diagnostic local-anaesthetic block at the radial tunnel.
  • Overlap with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow). The two coexist frequently and share the lateral-elbow pain territory. A recognised school of thought holds that "RTS" is often severe, recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis rather than a discrete compression neuropathy. Importantly, routine PIN release added to lateral-epicondylitis surgery has not been shown to improve outcomes, so the diagnosis should be secure before a decompression is planned.
  • Practical consequence. Surgery is a last resort after prolonged failed conservative care (activity modification, splinting, anti-inflammatories, sometimes a steroid injection), and is best reserved for patients with proximal-forearm pain and no better explanation. This uncertainty is the single most important reason post-operative expectations must be framed honestly.

B. RELEASE OUTCOMES (variable — and why)

  • Headline success ~two-thirds. Across the older long-term series, roughly 67% good, 15% fair, 18% poor after radial tunnel decompression — markedly more variable than carpal- or cubital-tunnel release. A 2008 long-term series (Lee, Azari, Jones) and a 1999 series (Sotereanos et al.) both document this spread; the Sotereanos cohort reported good/excellent results in only ~39% by objective assessment (though ~64% by patient self-rating), underscoring how outcome depends on the metric used.
  • Co-existing lateral epicondylitis lowers success. Success falls to roughly 40% when tennis elbow coexists, versus far higher with isolated RTS.
  • Multiple compression sites and workers'-compensation context lower success — reported ~58% success in compensation cases vs ~73% without. These are the same modifiers named in the patient protocol.
  • 2025 systematic review (Raymond et al., HAND). 11 studies, 401 limbs (381 patients). Outcomes were heterogeneous; a dorsal approach between ECRB and EDC was associated with the most favourable Roles-and-Maudsley scores and satisfaction. The review's central message is that the overall evidence is low-grade (observational), the diagnosis non-standardised, and the effectiveness of conservative treatment essentially untested — a "tendency" toward benefit rather than proof.
  • Resorption-style "spontaneous improvement" does not apply here — unlike calcific tendinitis, RTS does not self-resolve through a biological cycle; conservative care manages symptoms rather than curing a deposit.

C. SURGICAL APPROACH (shapes the early rehab)

  • What is done. Complete neurolysis of the radial nerve at its bifurcation, decompressing the deep branch (PIN) and superficial sensory branch, releasing the arcade of Frohse (the proximal supinator edge), the leash of Henry (radial recurrent vessels), the ECRB fascial edge, and the distal supinator border. Any constrictive bands or vessels are divided.
  • Approaches. Dorsal (Thompson, between ECRB/EDC or the brachioradialis–ECRL interval), volar/anterior (Henry), or transmuscular. Anatomical studies map the trade-offs; the dorsal ECRB–EDC interval performed best in the 2025 review. The superficial radial branch matters — it is a recognised source of post-operative dysaesthesia if irritated.
  • Rehab implication. A muscle-splitting/dorsal exposure through the extensor mass means early gentle forearm rotation and wrist motion are encouraged but heavy resisted supination/extension is deferred; the incision sits over a mobile, frequently sensitive area, so desensitisation and scar care carry real weight here.

D. POST-OP THERAPY ROLE (nerve/tendon glides, oedema, scar)

The decompressed nerve must glide, not adhere. The mechanical rationale is well quantified: the radial nerve translates and stretches a measurable amount across the elbow and wrist during ordinary arm motion (Wright et al. 2005), so early motion is what keeps it free of the healing bed.

  • Early motion, immediately. Early active elbow, forearm and wrist movement within pain limits from the first post-op days; most protocols use no rigid splinting (or a removable splint for comfort/night only).
  • Radial-nerve glides — favour "sliders" over "tensioners". Sliding (slider) neurodynamic techniques achieve substantially greater nerve excursion at much lower nerve strain than end-range tensioners — preferable around a freshly decompressed nerve. Neural-mobilisation evidence across neuromusculoskeletal conditions is supportive but of variable certainty, so progression is symptom-guided and essentially pain-free; mechanism work (e.g., the MONET protocol) is still maturing.
  • Oedema and desensitisation. Graded desensitisation (tapping/rubbing over the dressing) from day 1 normalises touch and pre-empts a sensitive scar — particularly relevant given superficial- radial-branch proximity.
  • Scar management once healed. Massage, pressure, and silicone are advocated to loosen skin–tissue adhesions and aid remodelling, started once the wound is closed/sutures out.
  • Strengthening deferred. Light functional ADL use throughout; resisted strengthening of wrist/ elbow and fine-motor work introduced from ~6 weeks. Heavy work and vibration tools avoided to ~6–8 weeks.

Phased post-op timeline (maps to the patient protocol phases)

Phase Window Splint Motion / nerve work Load / strengthening Notes
I — Protect & glide Day 0–2 wk None, or removable for comfort/night Early pain-free active elbow/forearm/wrist ROM; radial-nerve sliders; desensitisation from day 1 Light functional ADL use only (self-care, feeding, dressing, writing, typing) Stop the nerve adhering; settle the wound. No lifting/gripping/weight-bearing/vibration tools. Driving limited first 1–2 wk
II — Restore motion 2–6 wk Off Progress full active + gentle assisted ROM; continue sliders; scar massage once healed Still no resisted loading; ADL use continues Sensitivity/dysaesthesia common and usually settles; keep glides gentle
III — Strengthen & return ~6 wk onward Off Full ROM goal; sliders as needed Begin graded wrist/elbow strengthening + fine-motor work from ~6 wk; advance work/heavy tasks thereafter Vibration tools/heavy work resume ~6–8 wk. Pain relief is often gradual and may be partial — counsel accordingly

E. COMPLICATIONS / DOWNSIDES

  • Incomplete or no pain relief — the dominant "complication," tied directly to diagnostic uncertainty; relief is frequently gradual and sometimes partial.
  • Superficial-radial-branch dysaesthesia / scar sensitivity — recognised; desensitisation and careful technique mitigate it.
  • Transient PIN weakness (finger/thumb extension) from retraction — usually recovers.
  • Adhesion/recurrence of symptoms if early glide is neglected.
  • Standard wound risks (infection, haematoma) — uncommon.

F. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. Does RTS exist as a discrete entity? Genuinely contested. No confirmatory test; substantial opinion equates much of it with recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis. This is the defining controversy and must shape consent and expectation-setting. Unresolved — expert opinion divided.
  2. Patient selection drives outcome more than technique. Isolated RTS does best; coexisting tennis elbow, multiple compressions, and compensation context predict worse results. Moderate (consistent across cohorts).
  3. Approach choice. A dorsal ECRB–EDC interval was favoured in the 2025 SR, but the evidence is observational and confounded by diagnostic heterogeneity. Weak–moderate.
  4. The rehab protocol itself is consensus/expert — drawn from surgeon and hand-therapy guidance (early motion, sliders, desensitisation, scar care), not from a rehab RCT. Phase timings are typical, not trial-derived. Weak / consensus.
  5. Conservative-treatment efficacy is essentially untested — the 2025 SR notes no usable trials of non-operative care, so "failed conservative management" before surgery rests on practice convention. Weak.

G. EVIDENCE STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • STRONG: the mechanical rationale for early nerve glide — quantified radial-nerve excursion/ strain across elbow and wrist (Wright et al. 2005); slider-vs-tensioner excursion/strain physiology.
  • MODERATE: patient-selection modifiers of outcome (lateral epicondylitis, multiple compressions, workers' compensation lower success); ~two-thirds overall good-result rate from long-term cohorts; dorsal-approach signal from the 2025 systematic review (low-grade studies).
  • WEAK / CONSENSUS: the existence and diagnostic criteria of RTS (no confirmatory test; overlap with lateral epicondylitis); the post-operative rehabilitation protocol (surgeon/ hand-therapy guidance, no rehab RCT); neural-mobilisation certainty (supportive but variable); efficacy of conservative care (essentially untested).

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Posterior Interosseous Nerve Compression in the Forearm, AKA Radial Tunnel Syndrome. HAND. 2022. DOI: 10.1177/15589447221122822
  • Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Emphasis on the Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve. J Hand Surg Eur. 2009. DOI: 10.1177/1753193408099832
  • Anatomical Study of the Surgical Approaches to the Radial Tunnel. J Hand Surg Am. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.03.009
  • MR Imaging Features of Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Initial Experience. Radiology. 2006. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2401050028
  • Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: Current Concepts. J Am Acad Orthop Surg (JAAOS). 2008. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200801000-00004
  • Uncommon Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Upper Extremity. J Am Acad Orthop Surg (JAAOS). 1998. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-199811000-00006
  • Radial Nerve Excursion and Strain at the Elbow and Wrist Associated With Upper-Extremity Motion. J Hand Surg Am. 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.06.008
  • Evidence and Techniques in Rehabilitation Following Nerve Injuries. Hand Clin. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2013.04.012
  • Preventive Strategies, Exercises and Rehabilitation of Hand Compression Neuropathies. J Hand Ther. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.11.003
  • Mechanisms of Neurodynamic Treatments (MONET): a protocol for a mechanistic study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07713-6

Radial-tunnel literature (URLs)

  • Clinical Outcomes of Operative Management for Radial Tunnel Syndrome According to Surgical Approach: a Systematic Review. HAND. 2025. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15589447251315761
  • The Epidemiology of Radial Tunnel Syndrome and Its Overlap With Lateral Epicondylitis. J Hand Surg Am. 2023. https://www.jhandsurg.org/article/S0363-5023(23)00138-7/abstract
  • Lee JT, Azari K, Jones NF. Long-term results of radial tunnel release — the effect of co-existing tennis elbow, multiple compression syndromes and workers' compensation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1748681507004044
  • Sotereanos DG, et al. Results of surgical treatment for radial tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10357537/
  • Interventions for treating the radial tunnel syndrome: a systematic review of observational studies (DARE). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK75403/
  • Radial Tunnel Syndrome (StatPearls). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555937/
  • Orthopedic Management of Radial Tunnel Syndrome: A Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10081130/
  • Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Case Report and Comprehensive Critical Review of a Compression Neuropathy Surrounded by Controversy. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9896270/

Published rehab protocols (patient-guidance — basis for the phase structure)

  • Radial Tunnel Release post-op protocol (Santa Barbara Orthopedic / Mencias). https://www.sbortho.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/radial-tunnel-release-new.pdf
  • Radial Tunnel Syndrome — conservative and post-operative rehabilitation. Physiopedia. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Radial_Tunnel_Syndrome
  • Basson A, et al. The effectiveness of neural mobilization for neuromusculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28704626/
  • Coppieters MW, Butler DS. Do "sliders" slide and "tensioners" tension? Man Ther. 2008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17398140/

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3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

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