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Subacromial Decompression PDF Evidence

Illustration of a person lying on their back raising a stick toward the ceiling with both hands.
Assisted overhead movement in the early weeks after subacromial decompression. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Rehabilitation after isolated arthroscopic subacromial decompression — early movement, staged strengthening and return to activity.

This protocol covers the rehabilitation after an isolated arthroscopic subacromial decompression (acromioplasty, with or without removal of the inflamed bursa) with Dr Kieran Hirpara at Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Bring this page or its PDF to your first physiotherapy visit so your rehabilitation stays coordinated. Your rehabilitation is progressed individually by your physiotherapist through the phases below, depending on how your shoulder progresses.

Important: subacromial decompression is often performed together with a rotator cuff repair. This protocol is for an isolated subacromial decompression. If your operation also included a rotator cuff repair, follow the rotator cuff repair protocol instead — the repaired tendon sets a slower pace.

If you have any concerns about your wound after surgery, get in touch with the rooms. It is often helpful to take a photo of the wound and email it for review.

What to expect

Subacromial decompression makes more room for the rotator cuff tendons by shaving the under-surface of the acromion (the bony roof of the shoulder) and removing the inflamed bursa. Nothing is repaired that needs protecting, so early rehabilitation is about movement, not rest: the shoulder is safe to move from the first day, and moving it early is what keeps it from stiffening while it settles.

The sling you wake up with is for comfort only — it is not protecting anything. Leave it off as much as possible and wean out of it early: most people leave the sling off within the first few days, and published protocols expect it to be gone by two weeks at the latest. Do not drive while you are wearing a sling.

Your exercise program uses three kinds of movement, and your physiotherapist will guide which apply at each stage:

  • Active range of motion — movement is allowed without aid or help.
  • Active-assisted range of motion — using the other arm or an object to assist with moving the arm.
  • Passive range of motion — completely relaxed, using the other arm or force to do 100% of the work.

The journey at a glance:

  • Phase I — Early movement — roughly the first two weeks
  • Phase II — Restoring your range and starting strength — week 2–6
  • Phase III — Strengthening — week 6–12
  • Phase IV — Return to full activity — week 12 onwards

The shoulder is usually sore rather than fragile in the early weeks, and some people find it stays uncomfortable for up to six weeks. Published guidance suggests most people feel a clear improvement in pain by about three months, and symptoms can keep improving for up to a year. The week ranges below are typical rather than fixed — your physiotherapist will progress you on how your shoulder is moving, not on the calendar.

Phase I — Early movement (Week 0–2)

Person bent forward at the waist with the operated arm hanging down, moving in gentle circles.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Pendulum exercise

Bend forward at the waist and let the operated arm hang gently away from the body. Let the arm swing in small, relaxed circles — the movement comes from your body, not the shoulder muscles. Work within comfort; pain is the guide.

As guided by your physiotherapist

Seated beneath an over-door pulley, using the good arm to raise the operated arm.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Pulley-assisted elevation

Sit beneath an over-door pulley holding a handle in each hand. Pull down with the good arm to raise the operated arm upwards and slightly forward of the body, letting it stay relaxed, then lower with control. Do not force or overstretch — work within comfortable range.

As guided by your physiotherapist

View from behind showing the shoulder blades being drawn together and down.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Scapular setting

Sitting tall, gently draw your shoulder blades back together and down, away from your ears. Hold for a few seconds, then relax. Pair this with attention to posture through the day.

As guided by your physiotherapist

Make a full fist, then open the hand fully.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Open and close hand

Keep your hand and fingers moving by opening and closing them, or by squeezing a soft ball. Start this straight away to keep the hand and arm working while the shoulder settles.

10 times, three times a day

Bend the wrist forwards, backwards and side to side.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Wrist movement

Keep your wrist moving by bending it forwards, backwards and side to side. Do this from day one to keep the arm working while the shoulder settles.

10 times, three times a day

Bend and straighten the elbow with the upper arm by the side.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Elbow bends

With the upper arm resting by your side, bend the elbow as far as it comfortably goes, then straighten it fully. Only the elbow moves — keep the shoulder relaxed. Start this from day one.

10 times, three times a day

Standing facing a wall, pressing the front of a closed fist into it without moving the arm.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Isometric flexion

Stand facing a wall with your elbow bent and tucked at your side, the front of your fist resting against the wall. Gently press forwards into the wall without letting the arm move, hold a few seconds, then relax. This keeps the muscles working without movement while the shoulder settles.

Hold a few seconds, several times; as guided by your physiotherapist

Standing with the back of the elbow against a wall, pressing the arm gently backwards without moving.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Isometric extension

Stand with your elbow at your side and the back of your upper arm against a wall. Gently press the arm backwards into the wall without letting it move, hold a few seconds, then relax. A no-movement way to keep the muscles active early on.

Hold a few seconds, several times; as guided by your physiotherapist

Standing side-on to a wall, pressing the outside of the upper arm into it without moving.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Isometric abduction

Stand side-on with the outside of your upper arm near a wall, elbow tucked at your side. Press the arm gently outwards into the wall without letting it move, hold a few seconds, then relax.

Hold a few seconds, several times; as guided by your physiotherapist

Standing with the elbow at the side, pressing the back of the hand into a wall or doorframe without moving.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Isometric external rotation

Stand with your elbow tucked at your side and bent to a right angle, the back of your hand against a wall or doorframe. Gently press outwards into it without letting the arm move, hold a few seconds, then relax. This builds the rotator cuff with no movement.

Hold a few seconds, several times; as guided by your physiotherapist

Standing with the elbow at the side, pressing the palm into a doorframe without moving.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Isometric internal rotation

Stand with your elbow tucked at your side and bent to a right angle, the palm of your hand against a wall or doorframe. Gently press inwards into it without letting the arm move, hold a few seconds, then relax. A gentle way to begin activating the cuff.

Hold a few seconds, several times; as guided by your physiotherapist

A nerve block is often used during the operation, so the arm can feel numb for some hours afterwards; start your painkillers before it wears off. In the first two weeks the aims are simple: settle the pain and swelling, and get the shoulder moving within comfort. Use ice regularly for pain relief. Start moving your hand, wrist and elbow straight away, add pendulum exercises and assisted arm movements as comfort allows, and use the arm for normal light daily activities such as washing, dressing and eating. Take your painkillers before your exercises and before physiotherapy appointments. This is keyhole surgery, usually through two or three small puncture wounds closed with adhesive strips — keep them dry until healed, which usually takes 10–14 days. People in desk-based jobs commonly return to work within the first two weeks; driving can resume once you are out of the sling and can control the car comfortably — including performing an emergency stop — which is typically somewhere between one and three weeks after surgery.

For your physiotherapist:

Goals

  • Settle pain and swelling
  • Re-establish non-painful range of motion (active-assisted progressing to active)
  • Prevent muscular atrophy and begin re-establishing dynamic stability
  • Independence with light activities of daily living

Management

  • Cryotherapy regularly for pain and swelling; analgesia before exercises and sessions
  • Elbow, wrist, hand, neck and thoracic range-of-motion exercises from day 1
  • Pendulums; pulley or wand active-assisted elevation in the scapular plane; external and internal rotation starting at 30–45° of abduction
  • Progress to active range of motion as comfort allows
  • Scapular setting in sitting; postural awareness
  • Submaximal isometrics (flexion, extension, abduction, external and internal rotation) and gentle rhythmic stabilisation
  • From week 2: heat before exercise if helpful; progress rotation work towards 90° of abduction; external and internal rotation with elastic tubing, arm at the side

Precautions

  • Work within comfortable ranges — do not force or overstretch; pain is the guide
  • Sling for comfort only; wean within the first days and discard by two weeks
  • No driving while wearing a sling
  • No heavy lifting, no lifting overhead, no jerking movements
  • Avoid pushing up from a chair or bed through the operated arm for the first six weeks — the acromion has been thinned and forceful loading should be avoided while it remodels

Criteria to progress

  • Pain well controlled with simple analgesia
  • Swelling settling and wounds healed or healing without concern
  • Comfortable active-assisted movement, with active movement returning below shoulder height

Phase II — Restoring your range and starting strength (Week 2–6)

Lying on the non-operated side, rotating the top forearm up towards the ceiling with the elbow tucked at the side.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Side-lying external rotation

Lie on your non-operated side with the top elbow bent to a right angle and tucked against your body. Keeping the elbow at your side, rotate the forearm up towards the ceiling, then lower with control. Begin without weight.

Add light weight (0.5–1 kg) after a week of pain-free, well-controlled repetitions

Lying face down with the arms lifted out to the sides in a T shape.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Prone horizontal abduction (prone 'T')

Lie face down with the arm hanging towards the floor. Squeeze the shoulder blade in towards the spine and lift the arm out to the side to shoulder level, thumb leading, then lower slowly. Begin without weight; light weight can be added once repetitions are pain-free and well controlled.

As guided by your physiotherapist

Lying face down on a table, raising the arm by drawing the shoulder blade down and in.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Lower trapezius retraining

Lie face down on a bed or table with the arm relaxed over the edge. Draw the shoulder blade down and in towards the spine, letting the arm lift as the blade moves — the effort comes from below the shoulder blade, not from hitching the shoulder. Lower slowly and repeat.

As guided by your physiotherapist

Holding a towel behind the back, the upper hand gently drawing the lower hand up the back.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Behind-the-back stretch

Hold a towel behind your back, with the operated hand low and the good hand above. Use the good arm to draw the operated hand gently up the back until a stretch is felt, hold briefly, then lower. A gentle stretch at the back of the shoulder is the aim — do not force it.

As guided by your physiotherapist

Lying on the operated side, the other hand presses the forearm gently towards the bed.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Sleeper stretch (posterior capsule)

Lie on your operated side with the shoulder and elbow both bent to a right angle. With your other hand, gently press the forearm down towards the bed until you feel a stretch at the back of the shoulder, then ease off. This is the posterior capsular stretch your physiotherapist will use to free up rotation — keep it gentle, no sharp pain.

Hold 20–30 seconds, a few times; as guided by your physiotherapist

Lying on the back, a stick held in both hands guides the operated arm out to the side.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Assisted abduction with a stick

Lie on your back and hold a stick in both hands. Use the good arm to guide the operated arm out to the side towards shoulder level, then lower with control. This helps restore abduction towards 90 degrees as your range returns.

As guided by your physiotherapist

Standing, raising the arm out at a forward angle with the thumb up, like pouring from a full can.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Scaption (full-can elevation)

Stand with the arm by your side, thumb pointing up. Raise the arm out at a forward angle — midway between straight ahead and out to the side — no higher than is comfortable, then lower slowly. Begin without weight; keep the shoulder blade settled and avoid shrugging.

Begin unweighted; add light weight once repetitions are pain-free and well controlled

Lying face down, drawing the elbows back and down so the arms form a W shape.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Prone row

Lie face down with the arms hanging towards the floor. Squeeze the shoulder blades together and draw the elbows back and down so the arms make a 'W', then lower slowly. Begin without weight; light weight can be added once repetitions are pain-free and well controlled.

Begin unweighted; add light weight (around 0.5–1 kg) after a week of pain-free repetitions

This phase is about getting the rest of your movement back and beginning to rebuild strength. Your exercises progress from assisted movements to moving the arm actively in all directions, with most published protocols expecting full or near-full range by about six to eight weeks. Strengthening starts gently — first without weight, then with elastic bands and very light weights for the rotator cuff and shoulder blade muscles. Many people find heat before exercise and ice afterwards helpful. Moderate work (light lifting below shoulder height) typically becomes possible during this phase, guided by your physiotherapist.

For your physiotherapist:

Goals

  • Full, or near-full, active range of motion in all planes by around week 6–8
  • Regain and improve rotator cuff and scapular strength
  • Normalise scapulohumeral rhythm and neuromuscular control
  • Continue to settle pain

Management

  • Progress range of motion in all planes, including behind-the-back internal rotation with gentle posterior capsular stretching
  • Glenohumeral joint mobilisation (inferior, posterior and anterior glides) as indicated
  • Isotonic program beginning unweighted — shoulder elevation, prone rowing, prone horizontal abduction, prone extension to neutral, sidelying external rotation, abduction to 90° — adding light weight (around 0.5–1 kg) after a week of pain-free, well-controlled repetitions
  • External and internal rotation with elastic tubing; progress towards rotation work in more elevated positions as comfort allows
  • Scapular neuromuscular control and lower trapezius work; trunk, core and lower-limb conditioning
  • Upper-limb endurance work; heat before and ice after sessions as preferred

Precautions

  • Avoid loaded work in a painful impingement range — exercises may be hard, but should not reproduce the pre-operative pain
  • Do not target supraspinatus or mid-deltoid loading until it is pain-free, and avoid it if it provokes resting or night pain
  • Continue to avoid pushing up through the operated arm and heavy or overhead lifting until six weeks

Criteria to progress

  • Full, non-painful range of motion with minimal tenderness
  • Rotator cuff strength around 4/5 on manual testing, with good scapular control

Phase III — Strengthening (Week 6–12)

Lying on the non-operated side, rotating the top forearm up towards the ceiling holding a small weight.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Side-lying external rotation with weight

Lie on your non-operated side with the top elbow bent to a right angle and tucked against your body. Holding a light weight, rotate the forearm up towards the ceiling, then lower slowly. Exercises should feel like work but stay essentially pain-free — ease off anything that provokes resting or night pain.

2–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions

Standing with the elbow tucked at the side, pulling an elastic band outwards away from the body.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Band external rotation

Stand with your elbow tucked into your side and bent to a right angle, holding an elastic band anchored at waist height. Keeping the elbow at your side, rotate the forearm outwards against the band, then return slowly. This progresses the rotator cuff on from the earlier isometric and unweighted work.

2–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions

Standing with the elbow tucked at the side, pulling an elastic band inwards across the body.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Band internal rotation

With your elbow tucked into your side, hold a band anchored to one side and rotate the forearm inwards across your body against the band, then return slowly. Keep the resistance progressing as your strength builds.

2–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions

Pulling the elbow back and down against a band held in front, squeezing the shoulder blade.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Standing row

Hold a band anchored in front of you at waist height. Keeping the arm fairly straight, pull it back and down towards your hip, squeezing the shoulder blade down and back, then return slowly. This builds the shoulder-blade muscles that support the cuff.

2–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions

Hands on a wall, pushing the chest away and rounding the upper back at the top.

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Wall push-up plus

Stand facing a wall with your hands flat on it at shoulder height. Bend the elbows to lean towards the wall, then push back, adding a gentle push through the hands at the end to spread the shoulder blades. A closed-chain exercise to build control — introduce it as guided by your physiotherapist.

As guided by your physiotherapist

With your movement back, attention turns to strength, endurance and control. Resistance work progresses from bands to weights, and exercise becomes more dynamic — including, for people returning to sport, the start of controlled plyometric work and a graduated return to training. Swimming typically resumes from about six weeks (breaststroke first, freestyle when comfortable), and medium work — light lifting below shoulder height — is usually manageable from six weeks. An interval return-to-sport program commonly starts at weeks 10–12 when strength criteria are met.

For your physiotherapist:

Goals

  • Improve strength, power and endurance of the shoulder complex
  • Optimise neuromuscular control, proprioception and movement patterning (no shoulder hitching)
  • Prepare for a graduated return to sport and heavier work

Management

  • Progress the isotonic program: isometrics → elastic bands → weights; rotator cuff, deltoid and scapular stabilisers at 2–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions
  • Introduce eccentrically resisted work, closed-chain exercises and rhythmic stabilisation; proprioceptive work including weight-bearing and four-point kneeling
  • Plyometric activities — two-handed drills (chest pass, side-to-side throws) progressing to one-handed drills (wall dribbles, throwing drills) towards the end of the phase
  • Begin an interval sports program at weeks 10–12 if criteria are met
  • Continue core and conditioning work; cryotherapy as needed

Precautions

  • Exercises should be difficult but essentially pain-free — back off any work that provokes resting or night pain
  • Heavy lifting and sustained overhead loading wait until around three months

Criteria to progress

  • Full, pain-free active range of motion (approximately equal to the other side)
  • Strength approaching the other side (published criteria range from 70% to enter dynamic training, towards 90% for return to sport)
  • No pain or tenderness with progressive loading

Phase IV — Return to full activity (Week 12 onwards)

The final phase is a graduated return to heavy work, overhead tasks and sport. Heavy or repetitive lifting and sustained work above shoulder height typically resume from about three months. Return to competitive sport — particularly overhead sport — is based on meeting criteria rather than the calendar: full pain-free movement, strength close to the other side and confidence with sport-specific drills. The shoulder commonly keeps improving well beyond this phase — published guidance describes improvement continuing for up to a year.

For your physiotherapist:

Goals

  • Graduated return to heavy work, overhead activity and sport
  • Maintain range of motion, strength and control in the long term

Management

  • Continue the strengthening program, advancing gym- and sport-specific work as tolerated
  • Continue the interval sports program with a staged return to throwing and other overhead sport
  • Self-managed capsular stretches and maintenance exercises as needed

Precautions

  • Progression remains symptom-guided — if pain recurs, reduce load, restore comfortable movement and rebuild

Criteria to progress

  • Full, non-painful range of motion
  • Strength and functional testing satisfactory (around 90% of the other side in published return-to-sport criteria)
  • Satisfactory clinical review

After your protocol

The phases above are adapted from published rehabilitation protocols and patient guidance for arthroscopic subacromial decompression — OrthoIndy, Sports Surgery New York, Gundersen Health System Sports Medicine, Twin Cities Orthopedics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust. The week ranges are typical rather than fixed, and your ongoing rehabilitation is guided individually by your physiotherapist, working with the practice, based on how your shoulder recovers. This page works alongside the practice's general recovery advice — see managing post-operative pain and wound care. For the operation itself and the condition it treats, see subacromial decompression. The evidence behind this protocol — including how it fits the trial evidence on subacromial surgery — is summarised in the evidence section, available as a PDF from the top of this page.


Evidence & references

Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression (Acromioplasty) — Post-operative Rehabilitation

Topic scope: Post-operative rehabilitation after isolated arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD / acromioplasty ± bursectomy). When a decompression is performed together with a rotator cuff repair, the repaired tendon sets the (slower) pace and the rotator-cuff-repair protocol takes priority — this page is for the isolated decompression.

Defining principle of this rehab: a subacromial decompression shaves bone and clears bursa — it repairs nothing that needs protecting. So (like a debridement, and unlike a cuff repair or stabilisation) the rehab is an early-movement pathway: a short sling for comfort only, weaned within days, motion and normal light use from day one, and a rapid return of range and function. The aim is to settle the post-operative flare and keep the shoulder moving while it quiets down — rehabilitation, not rest, does the work.


A. THE PROCEDURE & ITS EVIDENCE CONTEXT (important)

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression removes the subacromial bursa and shaves the under-surface of the acromion to "make room" for the rotator cuff, on the impingement model of subacromial pain.

The efficacy of the bony decompression itself is one of the most debated questions in shoulder surgery, and the rehabilitation context cannot be stated honestly without it:

  • CSAW (Beard et al, Lancet 2018; n=313, 3-arm) — a placebo-controlled surgical RCT. Decompression gave no clinically important benefit over arthroscopy-only (placebo) surgery, and both surgical arms were only marginally better than no treatment — a difference below the pre-specified minimal clinically important threshold.
  • FIMPACT (Paavola et al, BMJ 2018) — a second placebo-controlled RCT: no benefit of ASD over diagnostic arthroscopy, and neither was superior to a structured exercise programme at 2 years.
  • Cochrane review (Karjalainen et al, 2019) — high-certainty evidence that subacromial decompression provides little or no clinically important benefit over placebo for pain, function, or quality of life.

The practical consequence is that structured exercise/physiotherapy is first-line for subacromial pain, and ASD is now a selective operation — reserved for patients who have failed an adequate non-operative programme or who have a specific mechanical lesion. This does not make a well-selected decompression valueless, but it explains why the post-operative emphasis is on early movement and rehabilitation, which is what reliably drives recovery.


B. POST-OPERATIVE PHASED TIMELINE (isolated decompression)

A nerve block is commonly used (numb arm for some hours — start analgesia before it wears off). Keyhole wounds; desk-based work commonly resumes within ~2 weeks.

Phase Window Sling ROM / use Strengthening Notes
I — Early movement Week 0–2 Comfort only, off within days (gone by ≤ 2 wk) Hand/elbow immediately; pendulums + assisted motion as comfort allows; normal light daily use from day 1 Settle pain/swelling; ice; analgesia before exercise. No driving while in sling (typically back ~1–3 wk once out of sling + safe emergency stop)
II — Restore range / start strength Week 2–6 Off Progress to full active ROM all planes Begin gentle cuff + scapular strengthening Range comfortable below shoulder height; most daily activity resumed
III — Strengthening Week 6–12 Off Full Progressive cuff/scapular loading, band → light weight Heavier and overhead loading built gradually
IV — Return to full activity Week 12 + Off Full Advanced/sport-specific Full unrestricted activity typically ~3 months

There is no construct-protection branch in the isolated decompression — the only branch is if a rotator cuff repair was also done, which converts recovery to the protected cuff-repair pathway.


C. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. Does the bony decompression add anything? Two placebo-controlled RCTs (CSAW, FIMPACT) and a Cochrane review say it adds little or nothing over placebo or exercise for subacromial pain. Strong (RCT/SR). → exercise-first, selective surgery.
  2. Decompression added to a cuff repair — multiple RCTs show no added benefit of routine acromioplasty at the time of arthroscopic cuff repair. Moderate–strong.
  3. The post-operative rehab protocol itself — consensus/expert (institutional protocols), no defining rehab RCT; phase timings are typical, not trial-derived. Weak/consensus.

(Patient-facing note: the efficacy debate belongs in this clinician evidence section, not the patient protocol page — surfaced here for the surgeon's awareness.)


D. EVIDENCE STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • STRONG (RCT / SR): ASD provides little/no benefit over placebo surgery or exercise (CSAW Lancet 2018; FIMPACT BMJ 2018; Cochrane Karjalainen 2019); no benefit of added acromioplasty at cuff repair.
  • MODERATE: early-motion rehabilitation after isolated decompression (institutional cohorts / consensus protocols, consistent ~3-month recovery).
  • WEAK / CONSENSUS: the specific phase/timeline structure of the post-op protocol.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Is acromioplasty justifiable? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.10.002
  • Indications for Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression: a Level V evidence clinical guideline. Arthroscopy. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.06.012
  • The role of subacromial decompression in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy. 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.11.022
  • Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears with and without acromioplasty (RCT). Am J Sports Med. 2014. DOI: 10.1177/0363546514529091
  • A comparative study of arthroscopic débridement versus repair for Ellman grade I partial cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.03.006

Landmark trials / reviews (URLs)

  • Beard DJ, et al. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for subacromial shoulder pain (CSAW): placebo-controlled 3-group RCT. Lancet. 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32457-1/fulltext
  • Paavola M, et al. (FIMPACT) Subacromial decompression versus diagnostic arthroscopy for shoulder impingement: randomised, placebo surgery controlled trial. BMJ. 2018;362:k2860. https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k2860
  • Karjalainen TV, et al. Subacromial decompression surgery for rotator cuff disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005619.pub3/full

Published rehab protocols (basis for the phase structure)

  • Kendall C. Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression Physical Therapy Protocol. OrthoIndy. https://www.orthoindy.com/wp-content/uploads/Arthroscopic-Subacromial-Decompression.pdf
  • Strauss EJ. Rehabilitation Protocol: Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression / Distal Clavicle Excision. Sports Surgery New York. https://www.sportssurgerynewyork.com/pdf/arthroscopic-subacromial-decompression-distal-clavicle-excision-rehab-protocol.pdf
  • Gundersen Health System Sports Medicine. Subacromial Decompression / Acromioplasty Rehabilitation Program. https://www.gundersenhealth.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/Sports-Medicine-Protocol-Subacromial-Decompression-Acromioplasty.pdf
  • Meisterling RC. Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression Rehabilitation. Twin Cities Orthopedics. https://tcomn.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Arthroscopic-Subacromial-Decompression-Rehabilitation.pdf
  • Scott-Dempster C, Harper J. Outpatient Post-operative Physiotherapy Guidelines: Sub-Acromial Decompression. Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT. https://www.ouh.nhs.uk/media/zidppie2/sub-acromial-decompression.pdf
  • Royal Berkshire NHS FT. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression and/or ACJ excision: discharge advice. https://www.royalberkshire.nhs.uk/media/smegtn3c/arthroscopic-subacromial-decompression-and-or-acromioclavicular-joint-excision-discharge-advice_jul24.pdf

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By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


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