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Shoulder

Shoulder conditions and the operations that treat them, grouped by theme — each diagnosis sits beside its treatment so you can read the two together. Start with the group that matches the name you have been given, or the one that sounds like your symptoms.

Understanding your shoulder

آپ کا کندھا کیسے کام کرتا ہے Shoulder anatomy overview – bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus) and how they enable wide range of motion. Open → کندھے کی آرتھروسکوپی What shoulder arthroscopy is, what it's used for, and how to prepare and recover. Open →

Rotator cuff & impingement

روٹیٹر کف کے مسائل (rotator cuff disorders) Rotator cuff disorders: common causes of shoulder pain, ranging from mild ache to debilitating injury. Open → سب ایکرومیئل امپنجمنٹ اور برسا کی سوزش (Subacromial Impingement and Bursitis) Subacromial impingement — causes of shoulder pain with overhead activity, diagnosis, and treatment options. Open → ٹینڈن میں کیلشیم جمنے سے سوزش (Calcific Tendinitis) Calcific tendinitis causes shoulder pain from calcium deposits; treatment ranges from observation to washing out the calcium. Open → کف آرتھروپیتھی Rotator cuff arthropathy: shoulder arthritis following a long-standing, massive rotator cuff tear and its impact on function. Open → اوس ایکرومیالی (Os Acromiale) Patient-facing topic on os acromiale — failed fusion of an acromial ossification centre that may cause shoulder pain and contribute to subacromial impingement. Open → روٹیٹر کف کی مرمت Rotator cuff repair reattaches torn tendons to bone, improving pain and function when conservative treatment fails. Open → روٹیٹر کف کی دوبارہ مرمت کا آپریشن (revision rotator cuff repair) Open → سب ایکرومیل ڈی کمپریشن (Subacromial Decompression) Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for impingement and bursitis — operation and recovery. Open → سیوچر اینکر اور مرمت کو ہڈی سے کیسے تھاما جاتا ہے Open → اینفکس بایولوجیکل اسکیفولڈ (EnFix Biological Scaffold) Open →

Instability, labrum & biceps

کندھے کا ڈھیلا پن یا بار بار نکلنا (Shoulder Instability) Shoulder instability — understanding the feeling of looseness, causes, and treatment options. Open → کندھے میں کلک، پٹاخے جیسی آواز اور عدم استحکام Why a shoulder clicks, pops or feels like it slips — from harmless noises to labral tears and instability — what it means, and when it needs attention. Open → ایس ایل اے پی پھٹاؤ (SLAP) اور بائسیپس کے مسائل Superior labral (SLAP) tears and disorders of the long head of biceps — assessment and treatment. Open → بائسیپس ٹینڈن کی خرابی اور لمبے سر کا ٹوٹ جانا (biceps tendinopathy and long-head rupture) Front-of-shoulder biceps tendon pain and the "Popeye" long-head rupture — and why the rupture usually needs no surgery. Open → کندھے کے اگلے حصے کو مستحکم کرنے کا آپریشن (anterior shoulder stabilisation) Arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability — distinct from open Latarjet. Open → کندھے کو پیچھے کی طرف سے مستحکم کرنے کا آپریشن (Posterior Shoulder Stabilisation) Open → لاترجے آپریشن (Latarjet) Latarjet procedure — bone block transfer for recurrent shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Open → بائسیپس ٹینوڈیسس (Biceps Tenodesis) Biceps tenodesis and tenotomy — when, where (suprapectoral vs subpectoral) and what to expect afterwards. Open →

Arthritis & shoulder replacement

کندھے کا آرتھرائٹس Shoulder arthritis causes pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion — diagnosis and treatment options explored. Open → کمپری ہینسو آرتھروسکوپک مینجمنٹ (CAM) The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure — a joint-preserving arthroscopic alternative to arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis, combining debridement, capsular release, osteophyte excision, microfracture, loose-body removal and axillary nerve neurolysis. Open → کندھے کے جوڑ کی مکمل تبدیلی (Total Shoulder Arthroplasty) Total shoulder replacement for severe arthritis — stemless options if rotator cuff is intact. Open → ریورس شولڈر آرتھروپلاسٹی (کندھے کے جوڑ کی ریورس تبدیلی) Reverse shoulder replacement for severe rotator cuff tears and arthritis—when a traditional replacement isn’t ideal. Open → کندھے کی تبدیلی کا دوبارہ آپریشن (revision shoulder replacement) Revision shoulder replacement — addressing failure of prior shoulder replacements with a reverse design. Open →

Fractures & trauma

ہنسلی کی ہڈی کا فریکچر Clavicle fractures — when conservative management is fine and when fixation is indicated. Open → بازو کی اوپری ہڈی کے سرے کا فریکچر (Proximal Humerus Fracture) Proximal humerus fractures — Neer classification, sling management, and surgical options. Open → سینے کے بڑے پٹھے کا پھٹ جانا (Pectoralis Major Rupture) A chest-muscle tear, classically during a heavy bench press — how to recognise it and why complete tears are usually repaired early. Open → سینے کے بڑے پٹھے کی مرمت (Pectoralis Major Repair) Open → ہنسلی کی ہڈی کے فریکچر کو جوڑنے کا آپریشن (Clavicle Fracture Fixation) Clavicle fixation (ORIF) — restoring alignment and stability for displaced clavicle fractures. Open → بازو کی اوپری ہڈی کے سرے کے فریکچر کا آپریشن: پلیٹ یا راڈ سے ہڈی جوڑنا (ORIF) Open → بازو کی اوپری ہڈی کے سرے کے تازہ فریکچر میں کندھے کے جوڑ کی تبدیلی Open →

Collarbone & AC joint

ایکرومیو کلاویکولر جوڑ کی چوٹ (شولڈر سیپریشن) (Acromioclavicular Joint Injury) A shoulder separation from a fall on the point of the shoulder — grading, the bump that may remain, and when surgery is needed. Open → اے سی جوڑ کا آرتھرائٹس (AC joint osteoarthritis) AC joint osteoarthritis causes localized shoulder pain with cross-body movements; treatment ranges from activity modification to surgery. Open → ہنسلی کی ہڈی کے بیرونی سرے کا گھلنا (Distal Clavicle Osteolysis) Open → اسٹرنوکلاویکولر جوڑ (Sternoclavicular Joint) کے مسائل Problems where the collarbone meets the breastbone — arthritis, instability and the rare but serious posterior dislocation — and how each is managed. Open → اے سی جوڑ کو مستحکم کرنے کا آپریشن (AC joint stabilisation) Surgical reconstruction for high-grade AC joint dislocation (Rockwood III-VI). Open → ہنسلی کی ہڈی کے بیرونی سرے کو نکالنا (Mumford Procedure) A Mumford procedure (distal clavicle excision) removes the small worn outer tip of the collarbone to ease shoulder pain at the AC joint. What the keyhole operation involves and what recovery looks like. Open →

Frozen shoulder & stiffness

فروزن شولڈر (کندھے کا جم جانا) Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) causes pain and stiffness, progressing through freezing, frozen, and thawing phases. Open → فروزن شولڈر کے لیے جوڑ کی جھلی کھولنے کا آپریشن (Capsular Release) Arthroscopic capsular release frees a stiff shoulder (frozen shoulder) when physiotherapy and injections fail. Open →

Nerve problems

سپراسکیپولر عصب کی خرابی (Suprascapular neuropathy) Open → سپراسکیپولر عصب کو دباؤ سے آزاد کرنے کا آپریشن (Suprascapular nerve decompression) Open → تھوراسک آؤٹ لیٹ سنڈروم Compression of the nerves and vessels at the base of the neck — the types, why diagnosis is tricky, and physio-first treatment. Open →

More shoulder topics

اسکیپولوتھوراسک برسیکٹومی (Scapulothoracic bursectomy) Open → سنیپنگ اسکیپولا (Snapping scapula) Open →

Recovery and rehabilitation

آپ کی سرجری کا دن What to expect on the day of day-case upper-limb surgery, from arrival and meeting the team to waking up and going home. Open → آپ کے زخم کا معائنہ اور ٹانکے نکالنا What happens at the post-op wound check, dissolvable vs removable stitches, what removal feels like, and when to seek help sooner. Open → آپ کے کندھے کا اعصابی بلاک The nerve block we use for shoulder surgery — how it numbs your arm, why it controls pain so well, and what to expect as it wears off. Open → آپریشن کے بعد قبض اور معدے کی دیکھ بھال Why constipation is common after surgery (especially with strong painkillers) and how to prevent and manage it. Open → اپنے زخم کی دیکھ بھال Dressings, showering, and signs of infection after upper-limb surgery. Open → اپنے زخم کے نشان کی دیکھ بھال Massage, silicone, sun protection and the 12-month timeline for surgical scars to soften and fade. Open → بازو کی سلنگ پہننا اور اس کے ساتھ سونا How to sleep in an arm sling, get the sling position right, and look after it after shoulder, elbow or wrist surgery, including whether to keep the sling on overnight. Open → ذہن، ذہنی دباؤ اور صحت یابی How stress, low mood, anxiety and worry about pain affect recovery and surgical outcomes — and what helps. Open → سرجری سے پہلے خالی پیٹ رہنا: آپ کیا کھا پی سکتے ہیں، اور کیوں Why you must stop eating before an anaesthetic, when you can still sip water, and what can happen if you do not fast. The clear fasting rules that keep your stomach empty and your lungs safe during surgery. Open → سرجری کی تیاری General checklist for the days before upper-limb surgery — fasting, what to bring, medications. Open → سرجری کے بعد درد پر قابو پانا What pain to expect, how to use pain relief well, and when to call. Open → سرجری کے بعد سوجن اور عضو کو اونچا رکھنا Why a hand or arm swells after surgery, how elevation and gentle movement control it, and when swelling is a warning sign. Open → سرجری کے بعد ہوائی سفر اور سفر Clot risk, cast tightness at altitude, fitness to fly and the practicalities of travelling after upper-limb surgery. Open → سرجری کے دوران خون پتلا کرنے والی دوائیں How anticoagulants and antiplatelets work, and why the timing of stopping each before surgery differs — platelet turnover, half-lives and clot risk. Open → صحت یابی کے لیے اچھی غذا Everyday food to support recovery after surgery — protein, energy, healing vitamins, and preventing constipation. Open → نیند، درد اور صحت یابی How sleep and pain affect each other, why surgery and shoulder problems disturb sleep, and what helps you rest and recover. Open → کام پر واپسی When you can return to desk, light, and heavy work after upper-limb surgery. Open → کندھے اور بازو کی سرجری کے بعد گاڑی چلانا: کب یہ محفوظ اور قانونی ہے؟ After most shoulder surgery, including rotator cuff repair, you usually cannot drive for about six weeks, and not while your arm is in a sling. When it is safe and legal to get back to the wheel after hand, wrist, elbow or shoulder surgery. Open → کندھے کی سرجری کے بعد روزمرہ زندگی Washing, dressing, sleeping and managing day-to-day with the operated arm in a sling after shoulder surgery. Open → کندھے کی سرجری کے بعد میلاٹونن Why we prescribe melatonin after shoulder surgery, what the trial evidence shows, the dose we use, and what to expect from it. Open → کھیل میں واپسی Phased return to sport after upper-limb surgery, and when contact sport is safe again. Open → کیا میرے زخم میں انفیکشن ہے؟ How to tell normal healing from a wound infection after surgery — the warning signs and when to seek help. Open → گرمی یا برف When ice helps, when heat helps, and how to use either safely on the upper limb. Open → گھر پر خون کے لوتھڑوں سے بچاؤ Reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis after upper-limb surgery — mobilisation, hydration, medication. Open → گھر پر پلستر اور اسپلنٹ کی دیکھ بھال Looking after a plaster or splint at home — keeping it dry, elevation, keeping joints moving, and the urgent signs of a too-tight cast. Open → ہاتھ، کلائی یا کہنی کی سرجری کے بعد روزمرہ زندگی Keeping a hand or wrist dressing dry, elevation to control swelling, and one-handed living after hand, wrist or elbow surgery. Open → ہینڈ تھراپی کی بنیادی باتیں What to expect from hand therapy, how often you'll go, and what good rehab looks like. Open →

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