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Extirpación del gancho del hueso ganchoso

Updated Sep 2026
Illustration: wrist

Esta página se tradujo automáticamente y todavía no la ha revisado un médico. La versión en inglés es la versión oficial.

¿Por qué se ha recomendado esta operación?

El Dr Kieran Hirpara, cirujano de extremidad superior en el Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton, adapta el tratamiento a su lesión específica. El gancho del hueso ganchoso es una pequeña parte de un hueso de la muñeca, situada en el lado del dedo meñique de la palma. Extirpar el fragmento roto de este hueso se denomina extirpación del gancho del hueso ganchoso. Normalmente probamos primero un tratamiento no quirúrgico, como un yeso o una férula, y consideramos la cirugía cuando este no ha producido suficiente mejoría. En algunas fracturas agudas puede recomendarse la cirugía de inmediato. Por lo general, los pacientes son derivados a nuestra clínica por su médico de cabecera; si un fisioterapeuta le ha sugerido que nos consulte, igualmente necesitará una derivación de su médico de cabecera para poder acceder al reembolso de Medicare. Una valoración en la clínica, que incluye su historia clínica, la exploración y los estudios de imagen necesarios, permite establecer el diagnóstico.

Esta operación tiene como objetivo aliviar el dolor y recuperar la función normal de la mano. A menudo se ofrece a deportistas que agarran con fuerza, como los jugadores de béisbol. Se documentó la vuelta a la práctica deportiva en el 94.5% de los pacientes. Muchos vuelven al deporte entre 5 y 7 semanas después de la cirugía. Hablaremos de si esta operación es adecuada para usted y lo decidiremos juntos.

Antes de la operación

Antes de la cirugía necesitará algunas pruebas de imagen para que podamos planificar la operación. Pueden incluir una radiografía, una resonancia magnética (una prueba que muestra con detalle el hueso y los tejidos blandos) o una ecografía. La mayoría de los pacientes no necesitan nada más. Si tiene otras enfermedades, es posible que necesite análisis de sangre o una valoración con el anestesista (el médico que le administra la anestesia). Por favor, traiga a su cita una lista de todos los medicamentos que toma actualmente. Su cirujano le dirá qué medicamentos debe suspender antes de la cirugía y cuándo. No coma ni beba nada durante las siete horas previas a la operación. Pedimos siete horas en lugar de seis para poder adelantar su operación si la lista de quirófano avanza antes de lo previsto. Organice que alguien le lleve a casa después. Ese día, vista ropa holgada y cómoda.

El día de la intervención

Llegará a la unidad de ingresos quirúrgicos del hospital. Allí, el personal registrará su ingreso y le preparará para el quirófano. Después conocerá al anestesista, el médico que le administra la anestesia. Esta operación se realiza con anestesia general. Estará completamente dormido durante la operación. A algunos pacientes también se les puede aplicar un bloqueo nervioso regional para aliviar el dolor después de la operación; el anestesista lo decide ese mismo día según sus circunstancias individuales.

A continuación le llevarán al quirófano, donde se realiza la operación. Cuando termine, se despertará en la sala de recuperación. Allí, el personal de enfermería le vigilará mientras desaparece el efecto de la anestesia. Una vez que esté estable, pasará a la planta o se irá a casa. Cuál de las dos cosas ocurra depende del procedimiento y de su recuperación.

Descripción del procedimiento quirúrgico

Su cirujano hace una única incisión en la palma, en el lado del dedo meñique cerca de la base de la mano, justo encima del gancho del hueso ganchoso. El gancho es una pequeña porción curva de hueso situada en la profundidad de la palma. A través de esta incisión, su cirujano localiza con cuidado el nervio y la arteria cubitales, dos estructuras importantes que pasan justo al lado del gancho, y los protege durante toda la operación.

A continuación, su cirujano libera el fragmento roto de hueso de los tejidos blandos que se insertan en él y lo extirpa. Después se alisa el borde de hueso que queda para que los tendones puedan deslizarse sobre él sin engancharse. Los tendones que doblan los dedos pasan cerca de este hueso, y un borde irregular puede irritarlos, por lo que alisarlo es importante.

Después, su cirujano cierra la incisión con puntos. Se coloca un apósito sobre la herida, y le diremos cuándo se retira.

Desde su punto de vista, la operación en sí es sencilla: está dormido, se extrae el fragmento roto y se despierta en la sala de recuperación con un apósito acolchado en la palma.

Después de la operación

Al despertarse, le trasladarán a la sala de recuperación, donde el personal de enfermería le vigilará y procurará que esté cómodo. Le daremos analgésicos para mantener el dolor controlado, y la mayoría de las personas notan que las molestias son leves y se calman en los primeros días. Tendrá un apósito acolchado en la mano, y podrá mover los dedos con suavidad poco después de la operación. Normalmente se trata de una cirugía ambulatoria, así que puede contar con irse a casa el mismo día, aunque en ocasiones los pacientes pasan la noche en el hospital. Dejamos el apósito puesto durante unos 10 días; por favor, no se lo quite antes a menos que se lo indiquemos. Lo cambiamos o lo retiramos cuando le vemos. Por favor, organice que alguien se quede con usted durante las primeras 24 horas después de llegar a casa.

Recuperación

La mayoría de las personas notan que el dolor de la palma se calma de forma constante una vez extirpado el fragmento roto de hueso. Las molestias suelen ser leves y disminuyen en los primeros días. Es normal cierta hinchazón y sensibilidad alrededor de la herida. Descansar la mano, mantenerla elevada cuando pueda y tomar los analgésicos que le demos le ayudarán.

Se irá a casa con un apósito acolchado en la palma. Manténgalo limpio y seco, y no se lo quite hasta que le veamos. Podrá mover los dedos con suavidad poco después de la operación, y el movimiento suave ayuda mientras todo se asienta. La terapia de mano después de la cirugía se realiza con Ruby Doolan en Extend Rehabilitation. Ruby es terapeuta de mano: le guiará con los ejercicios y le fabricará cualquier férula que necesite. En casa, puede hacer tareas diarias ligeras con la mano operada cuando se sienta cómodo, pero evite agarrar con fuerza, levantar peso y hacer deporte hasta que su terapeuta y nosotros le demos el visto bueno.

Las etapas son sencillas. Cuando la herida esté cómoda y pueda agarrar y girar el volante sin proteger la mano, normalmente podrá volver a conducir; consulte nuestra página sobre conducción tras una cirugía de miembro superior. A medida que baje la hinchazón y recupere la fuerza de agarre, podrá volver poco a poco al trabajo manual, al deporte y al gimnasio. El resultado final llega cuando el dolor y la fuerza dejan de mejorar.

La recuperación varía de una persona a otra. Sus plazos pueden ser diferentes, y nosotros y su terapeuta de mano le guiaremos a lo largo del proceso.

Qué puede salir mal

La mayoría de los pacientes evolucionan bien, pero en ocasiones pueden surgir problemas. Su cirujano y el equipo le vigilan de cerca para detectar cualquier problema a tiempo.

Lo principal que vigilamos es un problema en la propia herida. Puede manifestarse como un enrojecimiento que se extiende desde la incisión, o como una zona más caliente que la piel de alrededor. Un poco de líquido o una secreción clara en el apósito también puede ser un signo. Si nota cualquiera de estas cosas, llame a la clínica en lugar de esperar a su próxima visita.

Un dolor que no sigue la evolución habitual es otra cosa que hay que comunicar. Las molestias tras esta operación suelen ser leves y se calman en los primeros días. Un dolor profundo y pulsátil que no cede con analgésicos sencillos, o un dolor que empeora en lugar de mejorar, merece una llamada. Díganos qué siente y cuándo empezó, y le veremos antes si es necesario.

Como los nervios y los vasos sanguíneos pasan cerca del hueso que se extirpa, también son importantes los cambios de sensibilidad o de color en los dedos meñique y anular. Debe comunicar de inmediato el entumecimiento, el hormigueo o que los dedos se vean pálidos o azulados. Llame a la clínica en horario laboral, o acuda al servicio de urgencias si esto ocurre por la noche o en fin de semana.

Es normal cierta sensibilidad e hinchazón alrededor de la herida en los primeros días. Pero una hinchazón que aumenta de repente, o una mano que se nota tensa y dura en lugar de simplemente hinchada, debe revisarse. Coméntenoslo lo antes posible.

Si algo de su recuperación no le parece normal, confíe en ese instinto y contacte con nosotros. Siempre es más fácil revisar una pequeña preocupación pronto que tratar un problema mayor más adelante.

La tabla de complicaciones de esta página recoge las tasas habituales, si desea conocer los datos concretos.

¿Cuándo deben llamarnos?

Llámenos si tiene fiebre, o si la herida se pone más roja, caliente o supura. Llámenos si el dolor empeora mucho de repente. Acuda a urgencias si tiene hinchazón o dolor en la pantorrilla, o dificultad para respirar. Acuda a urgencias si el dedo meñique o el anular se le entumecen, cambian de color, o si no puede mover los dedos. Si algo no le parece normal, confíe en esa sensación y contacte con nosotros.


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