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Elbow

Elbow problems grouped by theme — tennis and golfer's elbow, nerve compression, tendon ruptures, fractures and stiffness — with each condition beside the operation that treats it.

Understanding your elbow

How your elbow works Elbow anatomy: understanding the humerus, radius, and ulna – key to understanding elbow function and injury. Open → Elbow Arthroscopy Open →

Tennis & golfer's elbow

Cotovelo de tenista Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) — causes, symptoms, and conservative treatment options for pain relief. Open → Liberação do Cotovelo de Tenista Tennis elbow release surgery — for persistent pain despite physiotherapy and other conservative treatments. Open → Cotovelo de Golfer Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) — causes, symptoms, and conservative treatment options. Open → Golfer's Elbow Release Open →

Nerve compression

Síndrome do Túnel Cubital Cubital tunnel syndrome causes ulnar nerve compression at the elbow — symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Open → Liberação do Túnel Cubital Cubital tunnel release relieves ulnar nerve compression—addressing numbness/weakness in the ring & little fingers. Open → Síndrome do Túnel Radial Radial tunnel syndrome — causes forearm pain, weakness straightening fingers, and is distinct from tennis elbow. Open → Liberação do Túnel Radial Radial tunnel release relieves pain from PIN compression – distinct from tennis elbow, and how surgery helps. Open → Síndrome do Pronador e Síndrome do Nervo Interósseo Anterior Median nerve trouble high in the forearm — forearm aching with hand tingling (pronator) or weakness pinching the thumb and index (AIN), and how each is treated. Open → Pronator and AIN Release Open →

Tendon ruptures

Ruptura do Bíceps Distal Distal biceps rupture causes sudden elbow pain, bruising, and weakness—often needing surgical repair. Open → Reparo do Bíceps Distal Distal biceps rupture repair — restoring elbow flexion strength and addressing the “Popeye” deformity. Open → Ruptura do Tendão do Tríceps Distal A rare tear of the triceps tendon at the back of the elbow — how to spot it, who is at risk, and why complete tears usually need early repair. Open → Distal Triceps Repair Open →

Fractures, dislocation & instability

Fratura da Cabeça Radial Radial head fractures — Mason classification, conservative management, and indications for fixation or replacement. Open → Radial Head Replacement Open → Fratura do Olecrano Olecranon fractures — patterns, non-operative care, and tension-band or plate fixation. Open → Olecranon Fracture Fixation (ORIF) Open → Distal Humerus Fracture Open → Instabilidade do Cotovelo Elbow ligamentous and bony instability, including dislocation and the terrible-triad pattern. Open → Lesão do Ligamento Colateral Ulnar (Lesão de Tommy John) The medial elbow ligament injury of throwers — how it presents, when rehab is enough, and what Tommy John reconstruction involves. Open → Elbow Ligament Reconstruction (Stabilisation) Open →

Arthritis, stiffness & cartilage

Osteoartrite do Cotovelo Osteoarthritis of the elbow — primary and post-traumatic, conservative and surgical options. Open → Artroplastia do Cotovelo Total elbow replacement — indications, implants, and recovery. Open → Stiff Elbow Release (Arthrolysis) Open → Osteocondrite Dissecante do Capitelo A lateral elbow joint-surface problem in young throwers and gymnasts — how it is found, when it heals with rest, and when surgery is needed. Open →

Bursitis

Bursite do Olecrano Olecranon bursitis — causes, symptoms, and when to seek urgent medical attention for infection. Open → Remoção da Bursa Olecraniana (Bursectomia) What olecranon bursectomy involves, why it is a last resort, and the honest wound-healing and recurrence picture. Open →

Recovery and rehabilitation

A minha ferida está infectada? How to tell normal healing from a wound infection after surgery — the warning signs and when to seek help. Open → Alimentação adequada para a cicatrização Everyday food to support recovery after surgery — protein, energy, healing vitamins, and preventing constipation. Open → Anticoagulantes ao Redor da Cirurgia How anticoagulants and antiplatelets work, and why the timing of stopping each before surgery differs — platelet turnover, half-lives and clot risk. Open → Calor vs Gelo When ice helps, when heat helps, and how to use either safely on the upper limb. Open → Constipação intestinal e cuidados intestinais após a cirurgia Why constipation is common after surgery (especially with strong painkillers) and how to prevent and manage it. Open → Cuidados com a sua ferida Dressings, showering, and signs of infection after upper-limb surgery. Open → Cuidados com gesso e talas em casa Looking after a plaster or splint at home — keeping it dry, elevation, keeping joints moving, and the urgent signs of a too-tight cast. Open → Cuidando da sua cicatriz Massage, silicone, sun protection and the 12-month timeline for surgical scars to soften and fade. Open → Dirigir Após Cirurgia de Ombro e Braço: Quando é Seguro e Legal? After most shoulder surgery, including rotator cuff repair, you usually cannot drive for about six weeks, and not while your arm is in a sling. When it is safe and legal to get back to the wheel after hand, wrist, elbow or shoulder surgery. Open → Gerenciamento da dor após a cirurgia What pain to expect, how to use pain relief well, and when to call. Open → Inchaço e elevação após a cirurgia Why a hand or arm swells after surgery, how elevation and gentle movement control it, and when swelling is a warning sign. Open → Jejum Antes da Cirurgia: O Que Você Pode Comer e Beber, e Por Que Why you must stop eating before an anaesthetic, when you can still sip water, and what can happen if you do not fast. The clear fasting rules that keep your stomach empty and your lungs safe during surgery. Open → Mente, Estresse e Recuperação How stress, low mood, anxiety and worry about pain affect recovery and surgical outcomes — and what helps. Open → Noções básicas de terapia manual What to expect from hand therapy, how often you'll go, and what good rehab looks like. Open → O dia da sua cirurgia What to expect on the day of day-case upper-limb surgery, from arrival and meeting the team to waking up and going home. Open → Preparação para a Cirurgia General checklist for the days before upper-limb surgery — fasting, what to bring, medications. Open → Prevenção de coágulos sanguíneos em casa Reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis after upper-limb surgery — mobilisation, hydration, medication. Open → Retorno ao esporte Phased return to sport after upper-limb surgery, and when contact sport is safe again. Open → Retorno ao trabalho When you can return to desk, light, and heavy work after upper-limb surgery. Open → Seu bloqueio nervoso do ombro The nerve block we use for shoulder surgery — how it numbs your arm, why it controls pain so well, and what to expect as it wears off. Open → Sono, Dor e Recuperação How sleep and pain affect each other, why surgery and shoulder problems disturb sleep, and what helps you rest and recover. Open → Sua verificação da ferida e remoção dos pontos What happens at the post-op wound check, dissolvable vs removable stitches, what removal feels like, and when to seek help sooner. Open → Usar e Dormir com uma Atadura para Braço How to sleep in an arm sling, get the sling position right, and look after it after shoulder, elbow or wrist surgery, including whether to keep the sling on overnight. Open → Vida diária após cirurgia de mão, punho ou cotovelo Keeping a hand or wrist dressing dry, elevation to control swelling, and one-handed living after hand, wrist or elbow surgery. Open → Vida diária após cirurgia de ombro Washing, dressing, sleeping and managing day-to-day with the operated arm in a sling after shoulder surgery. Open → Voar e viajar após a cirurgia Clot risk, cast tightness at altitude, fitness to fly and the practicalities of travelling after upper-limb surgery. Open →

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